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1

DUŠE JAKO SMĚS JSOUCNOSTI, TOTOŽNOSTI A RŮZNOSTI V PLATÓNOVĚ DIALOGU TÍMAIOS (TIM. 35a1-b3)

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Stránský J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2022
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vol. 77
|
issue 6
456 – 470
EN
The main aim of this study is to thoroughly analyse and explain the meaning of a crucial passage 35a1-b3 from Plato’s Timaeus. At first, two rival readings of the text are presented and critically examined. Since the first one, championed for example by Alfred Taylor, meets with some serious difficulties, the other one, which is able to evade them, is shown to be clearly preferable and serves as a basis for the author’s translation of the text. It is thus argued that, according to Plato, the Demiurge when creating the world-soul proceeds in two steps. First, he takes three of the “highest kinds” (namely Being, Sameness, and Otherness) both in their divisible and indivisible form and, mixing them, create intermediate Being, Sameness, and Otherness. Second, he mixes these three intermediate kinds. As a result, the soul occupies a special place in-between the eternal and immutable ideas and the ever-changing corporeal world. Moreover, it can cognize both these “worlds” as well as exert an influence upon the corporeal one. The soul thus appears to be a key invention of the Demiurge since it can maintain the order once imposed on the world by its creator.
2

Démiúrgos a jeho role v Platónově dialogu Timaios

100%
Stránský J.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
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2018
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vol. 141
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issue 3-4
293-324
EN
The main aim of this paper is to explain the nature of the maker of this cosmos, the demiurge, as presented by Plato in his Timaeus. In the first chapter, the reasons for Plato’s use of the demiurgic scheme are stated and it is explained why the maker needs to be understood as distinct from its product. The following chapter deals with the actual making of the world and with the related question of likening the world to something. It is first argued that in certain respects the world is being likened to the demiurge himself and this thesis consequently leads to a further inquiry into his nature. Since the demiurge’s most important characteristic is his possession of νοῦς, the text proceeds to an analysis of this concept and its relationship to the soul. In accordance with the results of this inquiry, the demiurge is interpreted as a primordial non-bodily, non-ensouled, yet alive and intelligent deity who is a very peculiar part of the realm of eternal beings. The final chapter deals with the closely related question of the model which the demiurge looks to when creating the world. It distinguishes between holistic and non-holistic readings of the model and presents arguments in favour of the latter.
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