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1

Fascynacja ludem Jana Ludwika Popławskiego

100%

Kowalczyk M.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2016

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vol. 1

239-249

EN

Jan Ludwik Popławski (1854-1908) was one of the fathers of the Polish National Democratic ideology in the late 19th and early 20th century. He was particularly fascinated with matters pertaining to the common people, and especially Polish peasantry. He considered them to be the genuine Poles, free of foreign influences. It is worth pointing out that that he also served as an inspiration to Roman Dmowski, the founder of the National Democracy movement and one of the leaders whose efforts secured Polish independence. According to Popławski, the Polish gentry were servile to the powers occupying Poland. He therefore hoped that the common people would play a greater role in the political life of the nation.

2

Hungarian Turanism. From the Birth of the Ideology to Modernity – an Outline of the Problem

100%

Kowalczyk M.

Historia i Polityka

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2017

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issue 20(27)

49-63

EN

This article is an outline of Hungarian Turanism, Central European ideological phenomenon. The ideology was relatively important in Hungary during the first half of the 20th century and is currently undergoing a revival in the country. Turanism is a very important part of the ideology promoted by the Jobbik party (Movement for a Better Hungary). The term “Turanism” is derived from Turán, a word most likely of Old-Persian origin, once used to describe the lands of Central Asia inhabited by nomadic tribes. According to the ideology of Turanism, Hungarians are related to Altaic peoples, such as Turks, Azeris, Tatars, Kazakhs, Mongols, and even Tibetans and Japanese. Many Hungarian researchers and explorers travelled to Central Asia in order to find peoples related to Hungarians. It is noteworthy to point out that modern Hungarian Turanism, particularly as it is represented by Jobbik, displays strong anti-Western attitudes. Jobbik is very critical of the international policy of the European Union and the United States, and considers Hungary to be a victim of the West. What is more, Jobbik strongly criticises globalism, liberalism and anti-traditionalism, which it considers to be features of modern Western societies. Because of this, Jobbik’s “Eastern Turn” appears to be a turn away from the West.

3

Okiem młodego konserwatysty. Adolf Maria Bocheński wobec Węgier

100%

Kowalczyk M.

Studia Gdańskie

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2017

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issue 40

203-213

PL

Adolf Maria Bocheński (1909-1944) był jednym z najważniejszych konserwatywnych publicystów w Polsce międzywojennej. Tematem artykułu jest stosunek Bocheńskiego wobec Węgier. W jego słynnej książce „Między Niemcami a Rosją”, opublikowanej w 1937 r., stwierdził on, że najgorsza sytuacja dla Polski to jakiekolwiek porozumienie pomiędzy Berlinem a Moskwą. Zapewniał, że różnice ideologiczne nie będą wieczną barierą w relacjach pomiędzy Niemcami nazistowskimi a Związkiem Sowieckim. Historia pokazała, że miał tutaj rację. Dlatego wzywał do tymczasowego sojuszu z Niemcami aby rozbić ZSRS i podzielić na kilka państw. W ten sposób główny wróg Polski zostałby wyeliminowany. Gdyby sojusz z Niemcami był niemożliwy, Bocheński wzywał do przebudowy Europy Środkowej oraz podzielenia Czechosłowacji. Argumentował, że Czechy, pozbawione Słowacji oraz Rusi Zakarpackiej, będą zmuszone do sojuszu z Polską przeciwko Niemcom. Wierzył też, że Węgry oraz Rumunia sprzymierzą się z Polską w celu sformułowania antysowieckiej koalicji.

EN

Adolf Maria Bocheński (1909-1944) was one of the most important Polish conservative journalists of the interwar period. The subject of the article is his attitude towards Hungary. In his famous book titled “Między Niemcami a Rosją” (Between Germany and Russia), published in 1937, he declared that the worst situation for Poland would be any agreement between Berlin and Moscow. He firmly believed that the ideological differences between the two would not always be an obstacle in the relations between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Later historical developments have vindicated his views. He therefore called for a tactical alliance with Germany against the Soviet Union in order to partition its territory between neighbouring states, leading to the elimination of one of Poland’s most dangerous enemies. However, he was also aware of an imminent conflict between Poland and Germany. Should an alliance with Germany prove impossible, Bocheński called for the restructuring of Central Europe by partitioning Czechoslovakia. He argued that Czech lands alone, without Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia, would be forced into an alliance with Poland against Germany. He also believed that Hungary and Romania would join Poland in order to form an anti-Soviet coalition.

4

Węgry w publicystyce Romana Dmowskiego (na podstawie Polityka polska i odbudowanie państwa)

100%

Kowalczyk M.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2015

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vol. 22

222-228

EN

Roman Dmowski was a Polish politician and an ideological father of National Democracy. He was a very important figure for the restoration of Poland's independence after the First World War. In 1925 he published his famous book entitled "Polish Politics and the Rebuilding of the State". He explained his motives for an anti-German policy before and during the First World War. This article is focused on his relations with Hungary. Despite the tradition of Polish-Hungarian friendship, Roman Dmowski represented a rather unfriendly position towards Hungary considering policy of Budapest as favourable to Germany. Therefore, Roman Dmowski was a follower of an alliance with Prague and Bucharest instead

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2 Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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Fascynacja ludem Jana Ludwika Popławskiego

Hungarian Turanism. From the Birth of the Ideology to Modernity – an Outline of the Problem

Okiem młodego konserwatysty. Adolf Maria Bocheński wobec Węgier

Węgry w publicystyce Romana Dmowskiego (na podstawie Polityka polska i odbudowanie państwa)