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EN
The paper aims to establish the legal framework of the regulation of agricultural pro-duction implemented to combat climate change. An attempt is also made to settle numer-ous doubts arising from the implementation by public administration bodies of the obliga-tion of participating in the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the EU community. The European Union soft law and the political announcements herald further international commitments that Poland will make to reduce greenhouse gases emission. These will certainly have an impact on agricultural production, and will require separate regulations that will account for its specific character. It is postulated that the extension of the European Union Emissions Trading System on the agricultural sector should account for the fundamental principles of the agricultural regime. Pursuant to the provisions of the basic law of a number of EU Member States including Poland, family farms have already been granted a special legal status, and that status should be extended on the greenhouse gas emissions allowance trading system as well.
IT
L’obiettivo delle considerazioni è di definire il quadro giuridico di regolazione della produzione agricola tenendo conto dell’aspetto volto a contrastare i cambiamenti climatici. L’articolo si pone come un tentativo di risolvere molti dubbi legati al carattere dell’operato della pubblica amministrazione nell’ambito dell’introduzione dell’obbligo di partecipa-zione allo scambio di quote di emissione dei gas a effetto serra. La soft law dell’ambito comunitario e le proposte dei politici mostrano che la Polonia ha assunto ulteriori impegni internazionali concernenti la riduzione dell’emissione dei gas a effetto serra. Il processo finalizzato a contrastare i cambiamenti climatici avrà progressivamente un maggiore im-patto sulla produzione agricola. Il contenimento dell’atività agricola richiederà l’attuazione di regolamenti distinti, i quali prendono in considerazione la specificità della produzione agricola. L’inclusione forzata nel sistema EU ETS (The European Union Emissions Trad-ing System) per il settore agricolo dovrebbe tener conto dei principi di base dell’ordi-namento agrario. Conformemente alle leggi fondamentali degli Stati membri, tra cui la Costituzione della Repubblica di Polonia, alle aziende a conduzione familiare è stato asse-gnato lo status giuridico speciale. Esso dovrebbe essere garantito anche per il sistema di scambio di quote di emissione dei gas a effetto serra.
EN
A fast evolution of science and technology often raises controversies. Numerous cases of research results which had been questioned or rejected by public opinion have clearly demonstrated that public concerns can be neither ignored nor reduced to the question of risk. Science no longer enjoys a special status and society is getting more and more concerned about the purposes and motivations of research, and demands to be included in the decision making process on research agenda. The article presents a concept of Responsible Research and Innovation – its roots and potential to address the problem of (a lack of) legitimacy without doing harm to research. The author points also that the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) raises a lot of controversies. It looks like yet another attempt to manage science and to steer it more towards politically defined goals. Although it calls for public opinion to be more involved in setting agenda for research, it does not explain clearly how this involvement should actually be organized to be labelled “responsible”. When analysed in depth, RRI appears to be quite complicated as it defines responsible research and innovation both through their outcomes and through a set of requirements that research and innovation processes should fulfil. Finally, it causes confusion since it gathers too many differing aspects of research and innovation-related activities under the same roof.
PL
Szybki rozwój nauki i technologii często budzi kontrowersje. Liczne przykłady badań, które zostały zakwestionowane lub odrzucone przez opinię publiczną pokazały dobitnie, że obawy społeczeństw nie powinny być ani ignorowane, ani ograniczane do kwestii ryzyka. Nauka nie cieszy się już specjalnym statusem w społeczeństwie, a obywatele są coraz bardziej zainteresowani celami i motywacją stojącą za prowadzonymi badaniami naukowymi i domagają się włączenia w proces decyzyjny dotyczący przedmiotu i zakresu prowadzonych badań. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje pojęcie „odpowiedzialne badania i innowacje” (OBI) – jego źródła, a także potencjału do rozwiązania problemu (braku) legitymizacji bez szkody dla samej nauki. Autor wskazuje również, że pojęcie to budzi wiele kontrowersji. Wygląda ono bowiem jak kolejna próba wywarcia wpływu na naukę i pokierowania zainteresowań naukowców w stronę politycznie zdefiniowanych celów. Chociaż pojęcie to zakłada większe zaangażowanie opinii publicznej w ustalaniu agendy badawczej dla nauki, nie wyjaśnia ono jednak precyzyjnie, jak takie zaangażowanie powinno wyglądać, aby dane badania naukowe lub działalność innowacyjną można było określić jako „odpowiedzialne”. Kiedy przyjrzymy się bliżej definicji OBI, to okazuje się, że termin ten jest dość skomplikowany, jako że odpowiedzialne badania i innowacje definiowane są zarówno pod kątem ich wyników, jak i spełniania przez sam proces badawczy czy innowacyjny określonych parametrów. Poza tym, pojęcie OBI może powodować pewną dezorientację, że względu na to, iż łączy zbyt wiele różnych aspektów działalności badawczej i innowacyjnej.
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