The aim of the article is to present the circumstances of creating and understanding the satires by Marian Hemar. The first section of this paper focuses on the formula of composing the satires. The second section presents the pragmatics of the satire. The third section looks at the literary and linguistic aspects of the satires by Hemar.
The aim of the article is to present the indices of meaning in Tadeusz Gajcy’s poem Widma. The poetic index of meaning is a type of context which determines how the text is understood. The first section of this paper focuses on the general rules of semantic integration of a poetic utterance. The second one presents a reconstruction of the poem’s historical context. The final, third section, offers an interpretation of Widma.
The article presents a semantic and semiotic analysis of the notion of the city in Zbigniew Herbert’s poetry. On the basis of excerpts from selected poems, the word “city” and its links with other words are presented against the context.