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1
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Opinia na temat prawa posła do zabierania głosu na sesji rady miejskiej

100%
Bosek L.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2012
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issue 3(35)
223-228
EN
Article 22 paragraph 3 of the Act of May 9, 1996 on the Exercise of the Mandate of a Deputy or Senator provides explicitly that a Deputy is granted a right to participate and submit comments and proposals on sessions of municipals councils. The opinion develops arguments presented in the opinions dated April 5, 2012 and February 24, 2012, delivered by the Bureau of Research of the Sejm.
2
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Opinia prawna na temat zgodności z dyrektywą Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2011/24/UE rządowego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o świadczeniach opieki zdrowotnej finansowanych ze środków publicznych oraz niektórych innych ustaw

100%
Bosek L.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2014
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issue 3(43)
116-128
EN
This opinion deals with a government bill on the funding of the cross‑border healthcare which implements the Directive 2011/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. Both the content of the directive and the bill are presented in the opinion. The author points out a number of defects of the bill, including the inconsistent application of the exemptions provided for in the directive, unjustified differentiation of patient’s right to reimburse costs of healthcare depending on whether the it is carried out by healthcare providers established on the territory of the Republic of Poland or elsewhere, and imprecisely defined mechanism for determining the amount of the reimbursement, as well as application of many vague phrases and, above all, the introduction of the rigid instrument of the so‑called “suspension” of the patient’s right to reimbursement in the event of excess of the statutory limit of spending in a given year.
3
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Opinia prawna na temat rządowego projektu ustawy o świadczeniu odszkodowawczym przysługującym w razie wypadku lub choroby pozostających w związku ze służbą

100%
Bosek L.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2013
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issue 3(39)
178-194
EN
The submitted bill sets out the conditions for liability of the Treasury for the loss caused to functionaries and their “eligible family members” and the procedure for granting them indemnity benefits. The bill causes substantive doubts, as it deprives the aggrieved party of compensation for harm to property, in particular, for personal items lost, destroyed or damaged when on duty. Article 9 paragraph 1 of the bill appears to violate the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, as it excludes from those covered by insurance – without adequate justification – spouses in the separation. The bill also requires clarification by indicating whether or not granting (on the basis of the bill) a one‑time indemnity benefit affects the scope of compensation awarded under the general rules following the same event. In addition, Article 34 paragraph 3 of the bill is inconsistent with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, since it denies the recourse to the law in some cases for compensation.
4
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Opinia prawna na temat projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o cmentarzach i chowaniu zmarłych

100%
Bosek L.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2013
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issue 4(40)
181-189
EN
The opinion deals with a bill amending the Act on Cemeteries and Burials. The author points out considerable formal defects of the bill. In particular, Article 1a (1) of the Act, as amended by the proposed bill is inconsistent with Article 2 of Poland’s Constitution. The proposed definition according to which a human corpse is only that human corpse whose status has been documented, is logically false and leads to conflict between the proposed provisions and other legal provisions, thereby limiting the penal‑law protection of corpse from insult. The proposed definitions of human remains and ashes show similar defects. In addition, the Article 8 (4) of the Act as amended – selectively reduces the protection of personality rights of a legally separated spouse and, therefore, may be considered as expression of a direct discrimination. The provision in the proposed wording is inconsistent with Article 32 and Article 47 in conjunction with Article 31 (3) and Article 18 of Poland’s Constitution. Doubts are also driven by the proposed general normative preference of interests of some categories of persons entitled to grave and to bury the deceased in relation to other people. The author points out that the justification of the bill does not contain sufficient explanation of social and constitutional reasons of that regulation.
5
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Opinia prawna na temat projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o księgach wieczystych i hipotece

100%
Bosek L.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2013
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issue 2(38)
147-154
EN
The opinion deals with the proposed amendments to the Act on Land and Mortgage Registers and Mortgage in the context of their compatibility with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The purpose of the proposed amendments is to provide access to land and mortgage registers in an electronic format, and the possibility to issue a copy of particular sections of the land and mortgage register online. In the author’s view, the proposed bill is consistent with Polish Constitution and, especially the right to privacy enshrined therein. Moreover, it ensures the public nature of the land and mortgage registers and the force of a legal document obtained in an electronic format.
6
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Opinia prawna na temat rządowego projektu ustawy o zdrowiu publicznym

100%
Bosek L.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2015
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issue 3(47)
123-142
EN
The initiative to draw up a Public Health Act deserves support. This draft rightly aims to complement the normative basis of disease treatment with normative basis of preventive medicine. The bill, however, requires further work on: clarifying the title of the Act and its scope and extent, the competence of the minister responsible for health, determine the statutory framework for a National Health Program, public health policy on the international and EU level.
7
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Opinia prawna na temat zawierania umów o świadczenie usług podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej i kontroli ich wykonania przez Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia

100%
Bosek L.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2012
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issue 1(33)
185-193
EN
The purpose of this opinion is to explain two legal issues relating to rules of concluding such contracts and control their execution by the National Health Fund. The author claims that the National Health Fund can shape content of contest notice and intention of obligations relationship to provide more than minimum required by the law number of employees in institution, where such health services are supplied. In the author’s view, control of the execution of contracts for performance of basic health services, carried out at night or during the holidays is allowed in any time without prior notice to the performer.
8
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Refleksje wokół prawnych uwarunkowań wspomaganej prokreacji

100%
Bosek L.
Diametros
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2009
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issue 20
37-61
PL
Celem artykułu jest określenie podstawowych założeń regulacyjnych wspomaganej prokreacji w Polsce. Artykuł koncentruje się na analizie porównawczej obowiązujących w państwach europejskich i Stanach Zjednoczonych przepisów prawnych. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, że nie istnieje jeden „racjonalny” model regulacyjny, który mógłby być wzorcem dla tworzonych w Polsce przepisów. Systemy prawne – nawet zaliczające się do europejskiej tradycji prawnej – różnią się zasadniczo i są determinowane przede wszystkim aksjologią systemów konstytucyjnych. Artykuł prezentuje polskie standardy konstytucyjne, które są podstawowym punktem odniesienia do tworzenia niewadliwych przepisów prawa. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, że z konstytucji nie można wywieść ani ogólnego zakazu wspomaganej prokreacji, ani prawa podmiotowego do pozaustrojowego tworzenia embrionów ludzkich. Ustawodawca zwykły tworząc system instytucjonalny wspomaganej prokreacji nie może jednak postępować dowolnie. Jest on związany przede wszystkim konstytucyjnymi gwarancjami ochrony godności i życia ludzkiego. Artykuł 30 konstytucji odwołuje się do ściśle określonej koncepcji godności ludzkiej i wynikających z niej praw oraz wolności jednostki.
EN
The goal of the article is to determine the basic legal principles governing assisted procreation in Poland. The article presents a comparative analysis of legal regulations currently in force in European countries and in the United States. It concludes that there does not exist one “rational” regulative model that could serve as a model for Polish legislation. Legal systems – even those belonging to the European legal tradition – differ from one another fundamentally and are determined above all by the axiology of the respective constitutional systems. The article then presents the Polish constitutional standards that are the basic point of reference for generating sound legal regulations. It concludes that the constitution does not provide a basis for either a general prohibition of assisted procreation or for a subjective right to the extrasystemic production of human embryos. The legislature, however, cannot act arbitrarily in creating a system of assisted procreation. It is bound above all by constitutional guarantees protecting human life and dignity. Article Thirty of the Polish constitution contains a precisely formulated conception of human dignity and the individual rights and freedoms that follow from it.
9
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Odpowiedzialność cywilna na podstawie art. 446[2] k.c. – uwagi wstępne na tle orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego

100%
Bosek L.
Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda
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2021
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vol. t. 4
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issue 2 (8)
359-393
EN
Article 446[2] of the Civil Code – added to the Civil Code by the Act of June 24, 2021 – stipulates civil liability for ‘the inability to establish or continue a family relation’. Pursuant to Article 2 of the amending Act, Article 446[2] of the Civil Code is meant to apply also to events which result in the inability of immediate family members to establish or continue a family relation with the victim caused by a serious and permanent injury to his body or a health disorder, occurring before the date of entry into force of the Act, i.e. before September 19, 2021. These provisions raise some doubts as they impose new duties on subjects of civil law retroactively and without sufficient constitutional justification. The analysis of the Supreme Court’s case law preceding their introduction reveals discrepancies as regards the admissibility and purposefulness of awarding compensation for restrictions in family relations. Family ties which ex definitione bind a family group together are not the goods of a single person, so their protection through provisions on the protection of personal rights and tort law was questionable.
PL
Przepis art. 446[2] k.c. – dodany do Kodeksu cywilnego ustawą z dnia 24.6.2021 r. – statuuje odpowiedzialność cywilną za „niemożność nawiązania lub kontynuowania więzi rodzinnej”. Na mocy art. 2 ustawy nowelizującej przepis art. 446[2] k.c. ma mieć zastosowanie również do zdarzeń, których skutkiem jest niemożność nawiązania lub kontynuowania więzi rodzinnej przez najbliższych członków rodziny z poszkodowanym, spowodowana ciężkim i trwałym uszkodzeniem jego ciała lub wywołaniem rozstroju zdrowia, powstałych przed dniem wejścia w życie ustawy, tj. sprzed 19 września 2021 r. Przepisy te budzą pewne wątpliwości, ponieważ nakładają retroaktywnie i bez dostatecznego uzasadnienia konstytucyjnego nowe obowiązki na podmioty prawa cywilnego. Analiza poprzedzającego ich wprowadzenie orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego wykazuje rozbieżności w kwestii samej dopuszczalności i celowości przyznawania zadośćuczynień za ograniczenia w stosunkach rodzinnych. Więzi rodzinne ex definitione spajające grupę rodzinną nie są dobrami jednej osoby, dlatego ich ochrona za pomocą przepisów o ochronie dóbr osobistych i prawa deliktowego była wątpliwa.
10
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Konstytucyjna zasada prawdy

100%
Bosek L.
Forum Prawnicze
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2022
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issue 3 (71)
3-19
EN
The preamble to the 1997 Constitution of the Republic of Poland defines truth as the first of the fundamental constitutional values, indicating the universal foundations for this Constitution. Truth, good, justice and beauty define the absolutely protected normative concept of man and his dignity. The principle of truth is an independent norm of the constitutional law. The principle of truth should determine the interpretation and application of the constitutional provisions defining the right to a fair trial, so that a fair hearing of the case is possible in every situation. The principle of truth may be regarded as a principle of a civil trial, but its significance goes far beyond the issue of determining the actual basis for a decision in civil proceedings. The principle of truth contributes to the criteria of knowing good. They are also shaped by constitutional principles, rights and freedoms such as freedom of speech and freedom of research.
11
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Opinia prawna na temat poselskiego projektu ustawy o Krajowym Rejestrze Sądowym oraz o zmianie niektórych innych ustaw

63%
Bosek L., Lackoroński B.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2014
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issue 4(44)
169-184
EN
The opinion deals with a bill to improve the organization of business registration system. Positive assessment is given to its provisions aimed at deleting those entities which have not so far been re-registered in the National Court Register (KRS). It was also pointed out in the opinion that the exclusion of the liquidation proceedings for dissolution of entities entered into KRS in relation to the events that took place before the entry into force of the new regulations, may breach the lex retro non agit principle. The basis and preconditions for free acquisition by the State Treasury – by the operation of law – of ownership and other property rights are in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. However, it would be advisable to indicate in the bill of another moment of acquisition of property by the State Treasury. The proposed provisions relating to: annual limitation period (preclusive term) for claiming compensation from the Treasury, counted from the moment of acquisition of property deleted from the register of the entity and the final date for filing an action for enforcement, on claims confirmed by a writ of execution, may be questionable from the point of view of conformity with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
12
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Opinia w sprawie projektu rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie badań klinicznych produktów leczniczych stosowanych u ludzi oraz uchylenia dyrektywy 2001/20/WE

63%
Bosek L., Olejniczak D.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2012
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issue 4(36)
118-148
EN
The purpose of the opinion is to examine thoroughly the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on clinical trials on medicinal products for human use. Presently, the issue of clinical trials is regulated differently in particular EU member states, due to their different legal traditions and constitutional standards. By allowing for experimentation on human beings without their knowledge or consent, the proposed regulation substantially infringes the principles of subsidiarity, proportionality and conferred competences, as well as human dignity and the right to integrity of the person guaranteed by Articles 1 and 3 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. These circumstances sufficiently justify initiation by the Polish Sejm of the procedure specified in Article 6 of Protocol 2 on the application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality annexed to the Lisbon Treaty.
13
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Opinia w sprawie projektu dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie zbiorowego zarządzania prawami autorskimi i prawami pokrewnymi oraz udzielania licencji wieloterytorialnych dotyczących praw do utworów muzycznych na potrzeby ich wykorzystania na internetowym polu eksploatacji na rynku wewnętrznym

63%
Bosek L., Grzelak A.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2012
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issue 4(36)
159-178
EN
In the authors’ view, the proposed directive infringes the principle of subsidiarity and does not deserve support at the Council of European Union. The proposal applies to organizations and relationships of both trans-border and strictly national nature, irrespective of the sector in which the collective societies operate, or whether they are engaged in multi-territorial licensing. According to the authors’ conclusions, the European Commission did not prove that EU Member States, acting independently or cooperating among themselves, cannot achieve the objectives specified in the proposal. An analysis of current Polish legal provisions and their evolution shows that achievement of those objectives is not only possible as a result of measures taken at the national level, but in fact those objectives have been to a considerable degree achieved.
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