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Problém nacionalismu a institucionalizace polského teozofického hnutí v Československu po roce 1918

100%
Szymeczek J.
Studia theologica
|
2022
|
vol. 1
87-102
EN
This study deals with the intermingling of nationalism with spiritual esoteric trends, especially in the environment of the workers of the Ostrava industrial agglomeration, where the spiritualist movement found a strong application at the beginning of the twentieth century. Particular attention is paid to the development in Těšín Silesia, part of which is part of the industrial agglomeration. In this ethnically mixed area, Spiritism originally brought together members of both Polish and Czech nationalities. Czechs and Poles were united by their reservations about the Catholic Church, which they perceived as a backward institution linked to the ruling Habsburg dynasty. After the creation of Poland and Czechoslovakia, Silesia became the subject of a border dispute between the two newly created states. Some Polish esotericists, disgusted by the involvement of the spiritualist movement in the political agitation against Poland, founded their own organisation – the Polish Theosophical Society in Těšín Silesia. The departure of part of the membership base resolved not only political disputes within the esoteric scene, but also older ideological tensions about its future spiritual direction. After the division of Těšín in the summer of 1920 between Czechoslovakia and Poland, the Polish Theosophical Society was newly constituted in the Czechoslovakia as a minority, national and religious community. Its leading personality was Andrzej Kajfosz (1889–1970).
2

Contemporary migration and population situation in Poland on the background of the European Union

63%
Hut P., Szymeczek J.
Przegląd Europejski
|
2019
|
issue 4(54)
142-167
EN
We are currently observing significant changes in the world’s population. Until World War II, we could see a constant increase in population in various parts of the world. Currently, in the selected countries of the eastern part of the EU, the population is decreasing, e.g. in Poland or Romania. Demographic indicators (fertility rate, mortality rate, migration rate) are affected by economic and social conditions. Various en masse pro-natalist policies are ineffective. EU societies are focused on expectations other than parenthood. These changes will require new actions by state authorities in the area of demography.
PL
Aktualnie zauważamy głębokie zmiany w populacji świata. Do II wojny światowej mogliśmy dostrzegać ustawiczny wzrost liczby ludności w różnych częściach świata. Obecnie w wybranych państwach wschodniej części UE liczba ludności maleje, np. w Polsce lub Rumunii. Na wskaźniki demograficzne (współczynnik dzietności, współczynnik umieralności, współczynnik migracji) mają wpływ uwarunkowania ekonomiczne i społeczne. Różne polityki pronatalistyczne en masse są nieskuteczne. Społeczeństwa [państw] UE są skoncentrowane na innych oczekiwaniach niż macierzyństwo. Wspomniane zmiany będą wymagały nowych działań władz państwowych w obszarze demografii.
3
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Ośrodek Dokumentacyjny Kongresu Polaków w Republice Czeskiej, jego powstanie, rozwój i stan obecny

50%
Szymeczek J.
Pamiętnik Cieszyński
|
1999
|
vol. T. 14
145-149
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