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1

GEORG WIDMANN AND EARLY PIETIST MISSIONS AMONG THE JEWS (Georg Widmann und die Anfänge der pietistischen Judenmission)

100%
Doktor J.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2009
|
issue 4(232)
449-457
EN
The first missionary expedition from the years 1730-31 occupies a special place in the annals of Institutum Judaicum et Muhammedicum. It made such a big impression on its participants and the founder, Johann Heinrich Callenberg, that it started missionary peregrinations that lasted for more than 50 years. That mission was the idea of Georg Widmann, who previously travelled across Germany, Poland and Hungary for two years with a private mission among Jews. He described it in the missionary autobiography attached to this article, written at Callenberg's request. In the course of his missionary wandering, Widmann came across the Land Rabbi of Wielkopolska, Jaakow Mordechej ben Naftali ha-Kohen, who, by Widmann's account, got to appreciate highly the Institute's publications. Upon receiving an informal approval from the Land Rabbi, Widmann went to Halle and assured Callenberg that many Jews in Poland were leaning toward Christianity. They were not abandoning the Judaic faith, however, because they did not want to sever ties to their people and preferred to work covertly on converting the rest. He guaranteed that the Institute's publications could be distributed in Poland. He also insisted that it was necessary to convince the Land Rabbi to move to the Evangelical church, together with his followers. Callenberg accepted Widmann as his associate and consented to his travel to Poland in the capacity of the Institute's representative. Theology Student Johann Andreas Manitius was to accompany Widmann and verify his accounts. The expedition ended in a fiasco, with the rabbi refusing to enter an Evangelical church and urging the Jews to burn the Institute's publications. However, this did not deter the Institute's collaborators, who continued such missions until the 1780s.
2

FIRST NEW-STYLE MISSIONARY AND PUBLISHER. MORDECAI BEN MOSHE SHEMAIA - PHILIPP ERNST CHRISTFELS (1671-1759) (Erster Missionar neuen Stils und Verleger. Mordechaj ben Mosche Schemaja - Philipp Ernst Christfels (1671-1759))

100%
Doktor J.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2009
|
issue 3(231)
269-289
EN
Mordechai ben Moshe Shemaia (1671-1759) was a Messianist Jew. In 1700, he studied together with Abraham Rovigo, who was staying in Fürth at the time. When an anathema was put on Rovigo's book entitled 'Eshel Abraham', published in 1701, Rovigo and his disciples were expelled from Fürth. Mordechai, who received baptism in 1701, and with it took the name of Philip Ernst Christfels, was also excommunicated. He declined an offer of a Leipzig University job and became a publisher of Jewish books in Wilhermsdorf. His printer was Zvi Hirsch, a friend of him from their youth, who signed the books they published. Christfels successfully defeated the competitors from nearby Fürth, forcing them to close down their printing shop. His accusations of blasphemies allegedly contained in Jewish prayer books resulted in confiscations of Jewish books in many principalities. This led to a surge in demand for religious literature whose orthodoxy was guaranteed by Christfels as the censor. Christfels established contacts with the Jesuit Franz Haselbauer, the supreme censor of Jewish books in Poland. Without his consent, no Jewish books could be printed or imported. Christfels won his trust and the books published by him received approval, and consequently a captive market in the Czech, Austrian, Hungarian and Moravian lands, which was practically off limits to his competitors. This is where most of the books were distributed. Christfels ended his publishing activity in unclear circumstances in 1739, when his printer Zvi Hirsh returned to Fürth and revived his own publishing business.
3

WAAD ARBA ARATSOT AND AMSTERDAM BIBLE IN YIDDISH, HISTORY OF A TITLE PAGE (Waad Arba Aracot i amsterdamska biblia w jidysz. Historia pewnej karty tytulowej)

63%
Bendowska M., Doktor J.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2010
|
issue 1(233)
89-100
EN
In 1679, two Jewish printing houses in Amsterdam, one owned by Josef Athias and the other by Uri Fajbusz, published huge print runs (some 6,000 copies each) of a Bible translated into Yiddish, to be distributed chiefly on the Polish market. Both printers secured various privileges for their publications, guaranteeing them exclusive rights. Uri Fajbusz had a privilege granted to him by the Polish King Jan III Sobieski, guaranteeing exclusive distribution rights for his edition in Polish lands for a period of twenty years, and a privilege - a forged one, as it turned out later - granted for a period of ten years by the Jewish Council of Four Lands (Waad Arba Aratsot). Josef Athias had a privilege granted to him for a period of fifteen years by the States-Provincial of Holland and West Frisia, as well as the approval of the Council of Four Lands. However, both printers fell into financial problems as the Polish market remained off-limits for both editions: Athias's Bible could not be distributed because of the royal privilege, granting exclusive distribution rights to Fajbusz, while Fajbusz's edition did not have Waad's (genuine!) approval. King Jan III Sobieski, whose ambition was hurt, decided to compensate the ineffectiveness of that privilege to Fajbusz. In 1690 roku Uri Fajbusz received a royal privilege to open a Hebrew printing house in Zólkiew, which was Jan III's private town. The privilege, granted for an indefinite time, guaranteed him and his descendants exclusive right to print Jewish books in the Republic of Poland. The Zólkiew printing house preserved its monopoly for more than seventy years. Josef's son, Immanuel Athias, tried to sell the Bible again with a new title page, on which he also was mentioned as the printer. So far, the only known copies of that edition were those with the second, later title page, dating back to 1687. However, it was evident that there had to be the original title page, on which Josef Athias was given as the printer, and the year of printing was given as 1679. This was what Shabtai ben Josef Bass wrote in his bibliography. It is precisely such a copy, with a title page on which there is no Immanuel yet, only his father Josef Athias, with the year of printing given as 1679, which has now been discovered in JHI collections.
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