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POLITICAL AND MILITARY ACTIVITY OF JAN, JAKUB AND STEFAN POTOCKI IN THE PERIOD OF THE SMOLENSK CAMPAIGN (Dzialalnosc polityczno-wojskowa Jana, Jakuba i Stefana Potockich w okresie kampanii smolenskiej)

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Kupczewska M.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

2010

vol. 8

27-46

The article deals with the topic of political and military activity of the brothers: Jan, Jakub and Stefan Potocki of the Pilawa coat of arms during the 1609-1613 Smolensk campaign. The relations the Potocki brothers had with Grand Hetman of the Crown - Stanislaw Zólkiewski, Grand Chancellor of Grand Duchy of Lithuania - Lew Sapieha, other senators and leaders and, naturally, king Sigismund III Vasa are of special interest. The Potocki brothers' activities in Smolensk may be considered as a proof that they purposefully and successfully shaped their own image, presenting themselves as outstanding leaders. Although hetman Zólkiewski was the chief leader of the Moscow campaign and during the first stage also the leader of the Smolensk army, the Potocki brothers played a significant role. After Zólkiewski's return from Moscow, they not only refused to get subordinated to their - much more experienced and prominent - colleague but retained influence on activities of the army gathered under the stronghold. The issue of Jan Potocki's regalism is of special interest. He was not enthusiastic about taking part in the, suggested by the king, expedition to the capital of the Moscow State, thus, overtly opposing Sigismund III. This proves that - for Potocki - being faithful to the king did not mean being unconditionally subordinated. It cannot be denied that the brothers were the King's valuable advisors under Smolensk, even though he would not always accept their suggestions. The Potocki brothers jealously protected their image of the best leaders and spared no efforts not to let their success of conquering Smolensk be overshadowed by other leaders' deeds. The Potocki brothers' activities are an example of military careers of rich nobility aspiring to the magnate class.

MOTHER AND SON - THE INFLUENCE OF BARBARA Z TARNOWSKICH ZAMOYSKA ON TOMASZ ZAMOYSKI'S UPBRINGING AND EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AS REFLECTED IN HER CORRESPONDENCE OF 1605-1610 (Polish title below)

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Kupczewska M.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

2011

vol. 9

41-54

(Polish title below: Matka i syn - wplyw Barbary z Tarnowskich Zamoyskiej na proces wychowania i wyksztalcenia Tomasza Zamoyskiego w swietle korespondencji z lat 1605-1610). Tomasz Zamoyski (1594-1638), son of Lord Grand-Chancellor of the Crown and Grand Hetman of the Crown Jan Zamoyski, from his eighth birthday stayed in Zamosc, where he learned from especially chosen preceptors at the Academy founded by his father. When in 1605 Hetman Zamoyski died, Barbara z Tarnowskich Zamoyska (1566-1610) became the main guardian of her son. The article discusses the issue of Barbara Zamoyska's influence on her only son's upbringing and education. Although in the years 1605-1610 the widow-mother lived in Krzeszow, she kept sending her son letters. They can be found in Zamoyski Archives files of the Central Archives of Historical Records. The letters were usually divided into several sections. Moral and educational advice in variably constituted an important part of the text. Barbara Zamoyska's great love towards her son and her care about his health and composure are very conspicuous in the correspondence. She appeared to be an extremely emotional figure - mother-guardian, putting great emphasis on formal religious practice - not only public nut also private. There are also sporadic remarks or rather suggestions pertaining to Tomasz's educational upbringing. The fact that they occur only incidentally proves that she did not interfere too profoundly with the educatio nal process of her son. In this matter she relied on his teachers and guardians. Summing up, Barbara Zamoyska's correspondence constitutes valuable material for research on women's mentality and spirituality in the Old-Polish epoch. It is also a vital source of knowledge about upbringing of magnate children and of family relations in the Old-Polish times.

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2 Białostockie Teki Historyczne

2 Kupczewska M.

1 2011

1 2010

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POLITICAL AND MILITARY ACTIVITY OF JAN, JAKUB AND STEFAN POTOCKI IN THE PERIOD OF THE SMOLENSK CAMPAIGN (Dzialalnosc polityczno-wojskowa Jana, Jakuba i Stefana Potockich w okresie kampanii smolenskiej)

MOTHER AND SON - THE INFLUENCE OF BARBARA Z TARNOWSKICH ZAMOYSKA ON TOMASZ ZAMOYSKI'S UPBRINGING AND EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AS REFLECTED IN HER CORRESPONDENCE OF 1605-1610 (Polish title below)