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1

Susan E. Scarrow, Beyond Party Members. Changing Approaches to Partisan Mobilization, Oxford 2015, pp. 240.

100%

Kosowska-Gąstoł B.

Historia i Polityka

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2017

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issue 22(29)

121-124

EN

rewiev

2

Europeizacja partii politycznych reprezentujących interesy nacjonalistyczne.,. regionalne i etnoregionalne w „starej” i „nowej” Europie

100%

Kosowska-Gąstoł B.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

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2013

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issue 11

55-86

EN

The aim of the article is to present how European integration influences nationalistic, regional, and ethnoregional parties (top-down Europeanization) and how these types of national parties influence Europe and what structures they form to influence the decisionmaking process of the European Union (bottom-down Europeanization). The article is divided into three parts. The first part characterizes the phenomenon of Europeanization of political parties. It also attempts at defining nationalistic, regional, and ethnoregional parties. The second part presents the attitude of such parties towards European integration and factors that influence it. The parties were divided into nationalistic parties that represent the domineering nation, and parties of preferential nationalism. The third part of the article discusses institutionalisation of the cooperation of parties of preferential nationalism on the European level, taking into consideration cooperation in the European Parliament (Greens/ EFA fraction) and non-Parliamentarian organization – European Free Alliance (EFA).

3

Are the Europarties Real Political Parties? National Parties’ Involvement in Multi-level Structures of European Political Parties

100%

Kosowska-Gąstoł B.

Historia i Polityka

|

2017

|

issue 20(27)

9-29

EN

Europarties are regarded as multi-level organizations, like parties operating in federal or devolved states. Examined is whether they can even be treated as political parties sensu stricto and whether the concepts used to test the relations between the national and regional party structures (vertical integration, influence) could be used to study relationships between the national and European structures. It was indicated that Europarties can be considered both as the additional arenas of national parties’ activity and independent political actors consisted of national parties (multi-level parties). The second perspective was used to research 13 existing Europarties. In result, the similarities between the PES and PEL, but differences between the EPP and PES in term of vertical integration and influence were shown. Hence, in the article was proven that there is no one model of relations between the national and European party structures and the parties differ from each other as far as their internal structures are concerned.

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2 Historia i Polityka

1 Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

3 Kosowska-Gąstoł B.

2 2017

1 2013

Susan E. Scarrow, Beyond Party Members. Changing Approaches to Partisan Mobilization, Oxford 2015, pp. 240.

Europeizacja partii politycznych reprezentujących interesy nacjonalistyczne.,. regionalne i etnoregionalne w „starej” i „nowej” Europie

Are the Europarties Real Political Parties? National Parties’ Involvement in Multi-level Structures of European Political Parties