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1

BISKUP A UDEĽOVANIE SVÄTENÍ V STREDOVEKOM UHORSKU

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Hlavačková M.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2020
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vol. 24
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issue 2
308 – 321
EN
Conferring sacred orders – both the inferior (ostiary, lector, exorcist, acolyte) and the superior ones (subdeacon, deacon, priest) – belonged to the sacral authority of bishop. The ordinations were of great importance for ecclesiastical administration of each diocese. In order to provide sufficient spiritual services for his diocese, every bishop had to timely replenish his clergy. Upon their ordination, the clerics would receive simply formulated certificates (littera formata/testimonialis) containing relevant data on their suitability; also, the date of their ordination, name of the ordaining bishop, information on the clerics' origin or home diocese – and, in case of friars, the affiliation to religious order. For the superior sacred orders, there was also information provided on the resources of revenue (titulus ordinationis) and all ordinations the cleric received up to then. Unfortunately, no lists of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary ordination candidates have been preserved; therefore, we entirely depend on litterae formatae, litt. dimisoriales or copies of these documents in manuscripts, usually discovered in collateral researches. Among such manuscripts, there is a code with theological and medical texts belonging to bishop of Pécs, Vít Hündler (1447 –1469): in this code, he recorded the transcripts form litt. formatae from dioceses of Esztergom and Pécs. Based on original sources found on the territory of medieval Hungary, in the papal curia, as well as in the coeval canon law and liturgical manuals or synod dispositions, it is possible to delineate the criteria the ordination candidates had to meet, the dates on which the ordinations took place and the specific way they were conferred.
2

Solus cum Deo solo. Rehoľa pavlínov v stredovekom Uhorsku

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Hlavačková M.
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
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2017
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issue 4 (15)
36-55
XX
The Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit (Ordo Fratrum Eremitarum Sancti Pauli Primi Eremitae) was following the spiritual lifestyle of the „first hermit”, Saint Paul of Thebes († 342). The formation of this order started in the first half of the 13th century, when hermits started to live in hermitages in the Patach Mountains in the Diocese of Pécs and in the Pilis Mountains in the south-east of Esztergom, following the example of the Old-Christian hermits in the deserts of Egypt. Blessed Eusebius of Esztergom († 1270) united the hermits who were scattered in caves and around 1250 they built the Holy Cross Monastery close to what is today Kesztölc-Klastrompuszta. Approvals granted by a legate of the Pope, Cardinal Gentilis of Montefiore, were an important step in the process of the formation of this new Order of Pauline Fathers, allowing them to follow the rule of Saint Augustine and create their own constitution. The centre of this monastic society and the seat of the General Priory was the monastery connected to the St. Lawrence Church in Buda. The contemplative nature of the order was clearly implied by their motto Solus cum Deo solo, and the religious practices of the monks included meditation near the relics of saints, the recitation of numerous prayers for the dead and the intensive worship of Mary. The order thrived in the 14th century: while 22 Pauline monasteries were built during the 40 year reign of Louis the Great (1342–1382), 16 monasteries were founded in 70 years plus that followed (1382–1458). The defeat of Hungarian troops at Mohács (1526) did great damage to the order. However, Turkish ravages were not the only cause of the dissolution of the monasteries at that time. The rapidly-spreading ideas of reformation also drew the attention of important Hungarian noblemen; even though they were the descendants of the founders of the monasteries, they converted to Protestantism and appropriated the possessions of the church in their territories.
3

VALE, PATER OPTIME, ET VENI. THE CULT OF ST. JOHN OF CAPISTRANO IN THE TERRITORY OF PRESENT-DAY SLOVAKIA IN THE MIDDLE AGES

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Hlavačková M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 5
815 – 837
EN
In spite of the fact that no locality now in the territory of Slovakia but then a part of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, appears in the itinerary of the Franciscan, Church lawyer and reformer of the order John of Capistrano, news of the “miracle working preacher” reached here and motivated people to travel to him in the hope of being healed of various illnesses, to write letters to him, to support observant foundations, or to join monasteries founded or reformed by him. The present study based on sources such as documents on acceptance into the Confraternity of Observant Franciscans, collections of miracles at the Collegio San Isidoro in Rome, medieval charters and chronicles, is devoted to the veneration of Capistrano and its spread in our territory. However, the aim of the study is not to take developments connected with Capistrano out of the context of the history of the Kingdom of Hungary or to place them in isolation, but to point out that this theme deserves attention from present-day Slovak historiography.
4

DIPLOMAT V SLUŽBÁCH UHORSKÝCH KRÁĽOV. PÔSOBENIE NITRIANSKEHO BISKUPA ANTONA ZO ŠANKOVIEC NA SKLONKU STREDOVEKU

100%
Hlavačková M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 1
15-35
EN
The ecclesiastical dignitary Antonius de Sankfalwa (from Sankovce) started his diplomatic career as a canon in Oradea (Magnovaradinum, Nagyvarad, Velky Varadin, Gross-Wardein). The king entrusted him with ever more demanding diplomatic tasks. Together with the Archbishop of Esztergom Vitez, he secured the return of the Crown of St. Stephen to Hungary in 1463. He was sent also to the courts of Italian rulers and to France, Poland and Germany. In 1486, King Matthias Corvinus appointed him as a Provost of Bratislava, and in 1490 Vladislas II made him Bishop of Nitra. Antonius de Sankfalwa fully applied his education in canon law, gained at the University of Padua, in the field of marriage law. In Rome, he had to prove the invalidity of Vladislav's marriage, not only with Beatrix of Aragon, but also with Barbara of Brandenburg. Evidence of Antonius' activities survives from the period of his work in Bratislava and Nitra. He was involved in canon law, organizational and pastoral activities. He held a diocesan synod at Nitra in 1494. Its conclusions provide information about the problems of the Catholic Church at the end of the 15th century. He founded an altar of St. Antony in Nitra Cathedral and gave his house in Buda and vineyard on Zobor to support it. Bishop Antonius made his last diplomatic journey in 1499 to the Imperial Diet at Worms.
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