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„Co jest úkolem našeho národa?“ v době post-nacionální

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Šíp R.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2011
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vol. 59
|
issue 4
565-578
EN
This discussion piece relates to Erazim Kohák’s book Domov a dálava (Hearth and Horizon), a book that has opened up an interesting and fruitful perspective for consideration of the question: What does it mean today to be a Czech? Inspired by Kohák’s emphasis on the attempt of the foremost Czech intellectuals to model their ideals of Czech culture in the context of the wider development of Europe as a whole, the author asks why Europe was the source of the nationalistic way of thinking and he considers how this thinking was the result of certain (unfortunate) conditions and decisions, and how the overcoming of this thinking is what may (paradoxically it would seem) be the new task of the Czech nation.
2
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Kořeny pragmatismu: antimaterialismus, univerzální člověk, evolvující realita a pružné principy

100%
Šíp R.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2010
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vol. 58
|
issue 6
841-862
EN
The aim of the text is to explain the original background and conditions of pragmatism. The text traces four phases that greatly influenced its emergence. Firstly, the philosophical system of the most important American early-modern philosopher Jonathan Edwards is examined. The author shows how his system provides pragmatism with the notion of a reality in which relations are ontologically prior to entities. From the second phase, that is constituted by the ideas of Emerson, pragmatism inherited an emphasis on the power of humans. This enabled pragmatism to avoid predestination, one of the most important Calvinistic dogmas that had enclosed people in the cage of fate. The third phase was created by the arrival of Hegelianism into the USA that helped pragmatists grasp the reality of experience as a flux of ongoing historical stages that significantly determine the „ontological“ features of experience relations, institutions, the self-conception of both societies and individuals. The fourth phase was represented in the first works of members of „The Metaphysical Club“. There the last main tool of pragmatism was introduced i.e. the fluidity of principles that enable people to intelligently react to a problematic situation.
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