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Svépomocné bydlení v době pozdního státního socialismu: responsibilizace, ideologie a beton

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Hoření Samec T., Balgová I., Vacková B.

Studia Ethnologica Pragensia

2020

vol. 1

58-77

Self-help housing has been proposed as a solution to provide qualitatively adequate and affordable housing not only nowadays, but also during the late state socialism in the 1970s and 1980s in the former Czechoslovakia. In this article, we focus on how the self-help housing provision was during that era linked with the responsibilisation of households, a technique of governance usually associated with neoliberal regimes. On the case of self-help housing construction in town Myjava, which was supported by local authorities and initiated by local company eager to attract workers, we show then eventually main burden for management and risks steaming from the construction was carried by the individuals and their (extended) families. Seemingly the ideological contradiction of this individualistic solution was resolved through rigorous standardization of construction projects, which enabled to maintain a self-help housing as one of the regime’s tools for solving the housing question. We argue that in this respect, in the shift of responsibility from the formal institutions to the individuals, the housing system displays continuity between the late socialist and capitalist regimes, thus contributing to emerging body of literature which problematise the strict dichotomy between the socialist and capitalist eras.

Diverzifikace forem bydlení jako cesta k dostupnosti: Nejistota spojená s rozvojem participativního bydlení v ČR

100%

Hoření Samec T., Malý Blažek J., Houser L.

Urbanismus a územní rozvoj

2025

issue 1

22-29

Housing affordability for Czech households has declined in recent years, especially for lower-income households and for those entering the market without significant property assets. The last decade has been characterised by increases in private rents, construction costs, real estate and land prices that have outpaced average increases in household incomes, contributing to a potential increase in housing inequalities. In this article, we discuss the potential and limits of collaborative housing development in the Czech Republic, focusing predominantly on the uncertainties embedded in the institutional design of the legal and financial ecosystem and as perceived and reproduced by the stakeholders, specifically the prospective residents of collaborative housing projects. Our argument is based on a complex desk and field research which included a nationwide exploratory online survey and a series of participatory and multistakeholder workshops in the five Czech municipalities conducted between 2021 and 2023. The research with the workshop participants included informing them about the variety of forms and models of housing collaboration, exploring their perceptions and preferences regarding the modes of cooperation and sharing with the other households and also modelling of emerging housing projects. In this paper, we focus primarily on their perception of collaborative housing in terms of opportunities and uncertainties while illustrating the promise of potential increases of housing affordability through collaborative housing arrangements as crucial to the workshop participants. The perceived uncertainties mirror the emphasis on the affordability while also reflecting that the financing and legal forms are perceived as uncertain due to the unclear lack of standardized and predictable procedures when applying for a loan financing for instance. These uncertainties embedded in the institutional–financial and legal structures thus resonate in the perceptions of stakeholders and form a certain vicious circle that is difficult to break: the costs in time, energy and other resources for the pioneering housing project are high, while these could help to facilitate scaling up; there seems to be little interest in collaborative housing which then reinforces the relative inactivity of other stakeholders such as the financial industry and policy stakeholders. At the same time paradoxically, the best practice projects are perceived as necessary for further (public) support by institutional stakeholders. The future research could further explore who might be the leading actor(s) delivering the housing innovation in the above described setting of a Central Eastern European country with the dominance of private homeownership.

Dostupnost bydlení se pro české domácnosti v posledních letech zhoršuje, především pro ty nízkopříjmové, případně pro ty, které nově řeší potřebu bydlet a nedisponují vlastní nemovitostí. V tomto článku diskutujeme možnosti a limity rozvoje participativních forem bydlení v České republice, jakožto příležitosti diverzifikovat systém bydlení a učinit tak bydlení dostupnější a kvalitnější. Vycházíme z analýzy institucionálního prostředí a dat z terénního výzkumu, zejména dotazníkového šetření a série workshopů v českých městech, který byl realizován v letech 2021–2023. V článku se zaměřujeme na vnímání participativního bydlení zájemci o bydlení: konkrétně na představy o příležitostech a na nejistoty, které participativní bydlení přináší, a to v oblasti spolupráce aktérů a v institucionálním nastavení legislativy a financování. Ukazujeme, že nejistoty na obou úrovních, aktérské i institucionální, spolu úzce souvisejí a vzájemně se posilují. Vytváří se proto „začarovaný kruh“, kdy je nejisté a náročné realizovat pilotní projekty v daném institucionálním rámci, přičemž případná realizace pilotních projektů je vnímána jako klíčová pro nastartovaní žádoucích změn v institucionálním nastavení.

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1 Studia Ethnologica Pragensia

1 Urbanismus a územní rozvoj

2 Hoření Samec T.

1 Balgová I.

1 Houser L.

1 Malý Blažek J.

1 Vacková B.

1 2025

1 2020

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Svépomocné bydlení v době pozdního státního socialismu: responsibilizace, ideologie a beton

Diverzifikace forem bydlení jako cesta k dostupnosti: Nejistota spojená s rozvojem participativního bydlení v ČR