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Używanie przymusu wobec osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi - kolizja ustaw

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Kubiak R., Berent J., Smędra A.

Kontrola Państwowa

2022

vol. 67

issue 2 (403)

8-21

In democratic states of law, personal freedom is legally protected, and in Poland it is guaranteed in the constitution. Limitations on freedom are allowed only in exceptional cases, when it necessary to protect other valuable interests. Limitations can be justified on the basis of the need to protect safety or public order, health or freedom, and the rights of other persons. A collision between freedom and such interests can occur in the case of dangerous behaviours of persons with mental disorders. That is why the Polish legislator has introduced legal norms that allow for interference in such a situation. The issue is discussed in the act on the protection of mental health which in Articles 18–18f regulates the binding procedures and the competence of persons who apply constraints. However, the act on direct coercive measures and firearms is binding for officers of the police and other services, which provides for different coercive measures and sets forth the rules for their application. Therefore a collision occurs between these two acts of law. In their article, the authors present the colliding areas and propose ways to solve the issues stemming from these collisions. The possibility for an officer to refer to the state of necessity has been also discussed.

Kolizja przepisów ustawy o środkach przymusu bezpośredniego i broni palnej oraz ustawy o ochronie zdrowia psychicznego prowadzi do możliwości kwestionowania legalności działań Policji wobec osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi. Taka sytuacja jest niedopuszczalna i wymaga zmian legislacyjnych. Nie do pomyślenia jest bowiem, aby policjant nie miał wskazanego jasnego sposobu postępowania, a kontrola jego działań została oparta na niejednoznacznych przepisach w tym obszarze.

Zalecenia dotyczące interwencji Policji - działania wobec osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi

100%

Berent J., Gałecki P., Kubiak R., Smędra A.

Kontrola Państwowa

2022

vol. 67

issue 2 (403)

22-42

Police interventions in the case of persons with mental disorders are inseparably associated with unpredictability, however appropriate measures and cooperation with medical staff may reduce the risk of unfavourable events, which, however, calls for modification of typical reactions. In order to understand these issues thoroughly, it is necessary to present them as: excited delirium, agitated delirium, acute behavioural disturbance/disorder, violent strangling, neck grip, training on providing assistance and obligation to provide assistance, as well as to declare somebody dead. In the article, all these issues have been discussed as well as the proper manner for the police to proceed in the case of intervention with the participation of persons with mental disorders. Because the detailed rules on how to proceed have been frequently published by the authors, they are not repeated in this article – it is only indicated where these can be accessed. Still, the authors refer to the opinion of the Physicians for Human Rights that in March 2022 published a stance questioning the notion of excited delirium – the article presents the origins and evolution of the notion, as well as the reasons for questioning it today. The authors claim that declaring somebody dead due to excited delirium is a diagnosis with exclusion, i.e. made if other reasons have been excluded – the basic disease, injury or poisoning have not been stated that would clearly expla in the reason of death. Excited delirium does not give any pathognomonic symptoms during autopsy (which would allow for confirming such a diagnosis).

W interwencje Policji wobec osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi wpisana jest nieprzewidywalność, ale właściwe działanie i współpraca z personelem medycznym może zminimalizować ryzyko niepomyślnego zakończenia, co jednak wymaga zmodyfikowania typowych zasad reagowania. Pełne zrozumienie tytułowych zagadnień wymaga przedstawienia także kilku dodatkowych kwestii, takich jak: excited delirium, uduszenia gwałtowne, obchwyt szyi, szkolenia i obowiązek udzielenia pomocy oraz stwierdzanie zgonu. Artykuł przybliża je i wskazuje prawidłowy sposób postępowania Policji w razie interwencji wobec osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi.

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2 Kontrola Państwowa

2 Berent J.

2 Kubiak R.

2 Smędra A.

1 Gałecki P.

2 2022

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Używanie przymusu wobec osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi - kolizja ustaw

Zalecenia dotyczące interwencji Policji - działania wobec osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi