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Mixed Mode Survey Design: problem efektu techniki

100%

Sztabiński F., Żmijewska-Jędrzejczyk T.

Przegląd Socjologiczny

2012

vol. 61

issue 1

31 - 63

W sytuacji pogarszających się warunków realizacji badań surveyowych poszukuje się sposobów ograniczenia błędu pomiaru (Total Survey Error), związanego z nieuczestniczeniem wylosowanych jednostek w wywiadzie (Non Response Error). Jedno z rozwiązań stanowi procedura Mixed Mode Survey Design, która polega na uzyskiwaniu tych samych informacji od różnych osób, przy wykorzystaniu odmiennych technik badawczych, np. wywiad PAPI (Paper and Pencil Interviewing), CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing), CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interviewing). Jednakże wykorzystanie tej procedury może powodować wystąpienie efektu techniki (tzw. Mode Effects). W artykule analizujemy efekt techniki na płaszczyźnie: (i) sformułowania pytania; (ii) sposobu kontaktowania oraz (iii) sposobu komunikowania się z respondentem, poddając ocenie wskaźnik realizacji (tzw. Response Rate) oraz porównując odpowiedzi respondentów na te same pytania, uzyskane przy zastosowaniu różnych technik. W analizach wykorzystano materiały zebrane w projektach realizowanych techniką PAPI (badanie European Social Survey, round 3) oraz CATI (badanie w ramach metodologicznego grantu ESS Infrastructure: i3.). Wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz potwierdzają istnienie poważnych różnic związanych z efektem techniki (w przypadku wywiadu PAPI i CATI). Stawia to pod znakiem zapytania ideę ich łączenia celem ograniczenia błędu braku odpowiedzi.

The fieldwork conditions for surveys becomes progressively worse so methods are being sought to reduce the total survey error arising from non-response error. One solution is the mixed mode survey design procedure whereby the same information is obtained from different respondents, using different data collecting modes (e.g. PAPI, CATI, Web survey). However, this procedure may produce the so-called mode effect. In this paper, we analyse the mode effect from the following perspectives: (i) wording of questions, (ii) contacting mode, and (iii) mode of communication with the respondent. We assess response rates and compare respondents’ answers to the same questions obtained through different techniques. Our analysis is based on materials collected in research projects employing two modes PAPI (the European Social Survey, Round 3) and CATI (ESS Infrastructure: i3, a study funded under a methodological grant). The findings from our analysis confirm the existence of significant differences related to the mode effect (in the case of PAPI and CAPI). Those findings challenge the idea of combining those modes to reduce non-response error.

What do respondents and non-respondents think of incentives and how do they react to them? The ESS experience in Poland

81%

Sztabiński P. B., Sztabiński F., Przybysz D.

ASK. Research and Methods

2012

vol. 21

issue 1

87-122

One method to increase the response rate in surveys is to use respondent incentives. The effectiveness of incentives depends on a number of factors which, however, may have a varied impact on respondents’ decisions about survey participation across countries. This paper shows how respondent incentives have worked in Poland, i.e. how monetary and material incentives are viewed, whether or not it is reasonable to send prepaid incentives by mail and how incentives affect the structure of the effective sample. Results of in depth interviews and comments on to incentives used in the European Social Survey have shown that the respondents who are willing to accept a small material incentive do not accept a modest monetary incentive. In the case of monetary incentives, expectations are very high and, in most surveys, unrealistic. Research results also suggest that some respondents are distrustful about prepaid incentives received by mail. They associate such incentives with direct marketing practices, attempted fraud or scams. From this perspective, it seems safer to opt for incentives being handed over personally by interviewers. However, the use of incentives does not significantly affect the structure of the effective sample.

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1 ASK. Research and Methods

1 Przegląd Socjologiczny

2 Sztabiński F.

1 Przybysz D.

1 Sztabiński P. B.

1 Żmijewska-Jędrzejczyk T.

2 2012

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Mixed Mode Survey Design: problem efektu techniki

What do respondents and non-respondents think of incentives and how do they react to them? The ESS experience in Poland