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Ustalenie rodowodu J.R.R. Tolkiena wciąż pozostaje poważnym wyzwaniem dla badaczy jego życia i twórczości. Autorzy najważniejszych biografi i poprzestają zazwyczaj na opisaniu najbliższych, angielskich przodków pisarza, o kontynentalnych zaś, „saksońskich” korzeniach rodu jedynie wspominają. Ten tekst jest oryginalną próbą rekonstrukcji wcześniejszych dziejów rodziny Tolkienów, wywodzącej się – jak wynika z przedstawionych tu badań – z Gdańska oraz obszarów dawnych Prus Książęcych, Królewskich i Wschodnich (dla zachowania spójności wywodu autor posługuje się w całym tekście najpóźniejszą historycznie, ale łatwiej identyfi kowaną nazwą Prusy Wschodnie). Analiza dokumentów źródłowych, odnalezionych przez autora w archiwach Londynu, Gdańska i Krzyżborka (obecnie Sławskoje w obwodzie kaliningradzkim) pozwoliła na uzasadnione włączenie do drzewa genealogicznego twórcy Władcy Pierścieni postaci, których związków z Tolkienem albo wcześniej przekonująco nie dowiedziono, albo w ogóle nie badano. Są to: John Benjamin Tolkien, Daniel Gottlieb Tolkien, Christian Tolkien, Michael Tolkien i należący do najodleglejszy z potwierdzonych protoplastów, Friedrich Tolkien. Autor artykułu wskazuje także pruskie niegdyś miejscowości, które mogły być najstarszymi siedzibami rodu Tolkienów.
EN
J. R. R. Tolkien’s (1892–1973) ancestry has been an obscure matter. From the official biographies of the famous Oxford professor and author we have known only about Tolkien’s great-grandparents and about the general direction of the Tolkien family’s migration in the eighteenth century described as „Saxony”. Ryszard Derdziński has found out J. R. R. Tolkien’s great-great-grandfather’s roots. Discovering crucial genealogical documents from London, Gdańsk (Poland) and Kreuzburg (East Prussia) ie. church records, a Parliament bill, newspaper news, entries in the books from that age etc. Derdziński has proved that John Benjamin Tolkien (1752–1719), J. R. R. Tolkien’s ancestor who lived and died in London and was a watch- and clockmaker, was born in Gdańsk in June 1752. His brother was Daniel Gottlieb Tolkien from London who also was born in Polish Gdańsk in July 1746. They emmigrated from Gdańsk to London in the years 1766–1772. Their father was Christian Tolkien (1706–1791), a craftsman from Gdańsk, brother of a Gdańsk furrier, Michael Tolkien (1708–1795). Both Christian and Michael were born in a little town Kreuzburg in East Prussia (now Slavskoye in Kaliningrad Oblast). Derdziński has found there at least four generations of this line of the Tolkien family and the fi rst known Tolkien from Kreuzburg was Friedrich Tolkien from 1614. The article shows also the genesis of the Tolkien family name and locates its beginning in the fourteenth century and a small village Tolkynen (today Tołkiny in Poland).
EN
Professor Tolkien’s knowledge of his ancestry and the history of his family name was limited to the family legends. The article From Prussia to England. J. R. R. Tolkien’s Family Saga (14th-19thc.) describes Ryszard Derdziński’s ten-years-long research which confirmed that the Tolkien family came to England from Gdańsk in the eighteenth century and that their roots can be tracked down to mediaeval Prussia and the Harz Mountains. The presen­ted findings of Derdziński are based on archival and genealogical research and field research. The author established that Tolkien’s family name comes from Old Prussian (Baltic) etymology and is most probably related to the history of von Markelingerode, a noble family which came to Prussia from the Harz Mountains. Derdziński describes the details of the life of Daniel Gottlieb Tolkien and John Benjamin Tolkien, two brothers from Gdańsk, from whom all English-speaking Tolkiens in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and Australia descent. Furthermore, the author of the article presents a detailed family tree, as well as reproductions of important documents that determine the particular phases of the history of the ancestors of J. R. R. Tolkien.
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