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Personální kulturní autonomie v Estonsku a podmínky její aplikace

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Svec L.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2008
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vol. 94
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issue 3
407-418
EN
The author deals with different applications of personal cultural autonomy. Taking Estonia as a main model application, the autor compares inter-war conditions with the situation after restauration of the independence in 1991. He analyses conditions for realisation of territorial and personal autonomy. The principle of the personal cultural autonomy can be used in the case of small dispersed national minorities but cannot satisfy nations or big national minorities living on a compact area. The conception of austromarxists O. Bauer and K. Renner inspired Estonian progressive solution of the minority question in 1925. The law on personal cultural autonomy was renewed in 1993 but, on contrary to the interwar situation, it did not satisfy and stabilize minority question because of the opposition of Russian minority, which rejected to accept it because of changed situation as the question of citizenship became a main problem for ethnic stability.
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Problém tradice a modernity v moderních lotyšských dějinách

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Svec L.
Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)
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2006
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issue Sp. Ed.
101-116
EN
This paper depicts the mutability and malleability of the concept of tradition. Its development is illustrated in three examples from modern Latvian history: the Latvian national movement and the program of the cultural and social emancipation of Latvians as a modern people, the issue of tradition and modernity in interwar Latvia, especially during the authoritarian regime, and the confrontation between tradition and the Soviet model of modernisation. The cultural and social emancipation of Latvians as a modern people was a consequence as well as an inseparable part of the modernisation processes of the Baltic provinces and the tsarist empire. The program of the Latvian national movement was defined as an attempt to integrate Latvians into the changing social and cultural conditions not only in the traditional Baltic provinces, but, at the same time, the assertion of a modern nation within the wider context of the tsarist empire. The second section examines the issue of tradition and modernity in interwar Latvia, especially during the authoritarian regime, which single-mindedly and systematically attempted to justify historically the statehood of the young country of Latvia. The final section characterises the Soviet model of modernisation.
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