The article describes those stylistic characteristics of the programmes of marginal political parties (the contemporary ones), which make the senders claim certain roles (either intentionally or nonintentionally). The figure of an “Expert” is achieved by the use of language typical for economics and science. A “Sage” is created in written texts by the language of philosophical treatises and religious sermons. The figure of a “Commander” emerges from the texts written in the style similar to official language, military language or the language of statutes. The role of a “Bard” is performed when a politician uses aphorisms or the texts resembling literary works. The creation of a “Grandfather” is present in a tale, where the basic truths are described.
The author of the article discusses two figures of a politician emerging from two political discourses present since 1989 — ethical (in its two varieties: “romantic” and “socialist”) and pragmatic. The “missionary” politician, who is a central figure of the ethical discourse, frames reality in terms of ethical categories, applying them to spiritual matters (the “romantic” variety — the politician is a “guide”) or those relating to everyday life (the “socialist” variety – the politician is the “father of the nation”). The “ethical missionary” places himself above “ordinary people”, treated as passive and having a sense of entitlement. The “professional” politician — the main figure in the pragmatic discourse — describes the world from an economic perspective. He does not rise above the community to which his message is addressed, but tries to become united with it, expecting it at least to be active, if not make an effort in the pursuit of common objectives.