Parmenides in his revolt of the first philosophy discarded the principle - arche and introduced in its place being - to eon. The effectivess of this revoltion of thought rested upon - among others - revealing a permanent connection between logic and ontology which connection was most seen in ‘signs of truth’, i.e. features of being. Two of these features - ‘unborn’ and ‘indesrtructible’ - show in a sense entanglement in the context of time whose consideration requires the analysis of Parmenides’ poem and insight into historical-philosophical development of the notion of time from the perspective of its use by natural philosophers in defining the principle - arche.
PL
Parmenides dokonując rewolty filozofii pierwszej odrzucił pojęcie zasady – arche, a na jej miejsce wprowadził byt – to eon. Skuteczność tej rewolucji myślowej oparta była miedzy innymi na ujawnieniu trwałego związku pomiędzy logiką i ontologią, który to związek realizował sie w najwyższym stopniu w „znakach prawdy”, czyli cechach bytu. Dwie z tych cech – ‘niezrodzony i niezniszczalny’ – w pewnym aspekcie ujawniają uwikłanie w konteks czasowości, którego rozpatrzenie wymaga analizy samego poematu Parmenidesa, jak i wglądu w historyczno-filozoficzny rozwój pojęcia czasu w perspektywie jego zastosowania przez filozofów przyrody w definiowaniu zasady – arche.
The paper discusses one of the key notions concerning the basic constituents of the universe, which for Democritus are atoms and vacuum. The primary aim of this article is to show that the complexity of the applied category does not allow for the interpretation of philosophy of atomists as that of naïve materialism. At the same time, it is pointed out that the notion of ‘vacuum’ as used by Democritus suggests a high level of abstraction of his considerations. It is also shown that the category of kenon places Democritus’s philosophy in a wider context of historical-philosophical evolution of such key notions as ‘infinite’ and ‘undefined’.
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