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Využití a smysl “experimentální“ a “aplikované“ etnografie

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Michalička V.
Národopisný věstník
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2009
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vol. 26_(68)
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issue 1
39-44
EN
The terms “experimental” and “applied” anthropology express substance of methods of acquiring information, their verification and subsequent use within the frame of historical facts leading to potential presentation forms. “Experimental” and “applied” ethnography can be used for the purposes of building cultural memory which is mediated and accessible to the public. This experiment is a great contribution to the ethnographical study because it shows weak points in existing documentation and it is able to create necessary analogies. “Applied” ethnography uses assembled data for reconstruction of some elements of the past. Application of ethnographical knowledge can result in a realistic reconstruction of historic environment. Acquisition of ethnographic data, their verification, filling in blank spaces and subsequent application of knowledge in reconstruction of specific historical phenomena enables active presentation to the public. Experimental reconstruction can significantly influence e.g. the issue of museum expositions and cinematization of historical subjects, etc.
2
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Pilníkářské řemeslo - technologie rukodělné výroby

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Michalička V.
Národopisný věstník
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2013
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vol. 30_(72)
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issue 1
59-79
EN
File making is a less known branch of smithery, the production of which can be divided into two basic typologically distinct groups - files and rasps. Handmaking of a range of files and rasps included a number of special operations, which led the metal processing sector into becoming a specialized and independent area. The fundamental task of file-making was to create a cutting edge on a prepared forged piece of a file or rasp item. The oldest method was hand crafting which survived from ancient times until the 20th century in almost unchanged form. Independent areas with a strong concentration of file manufacturing were established thanks to some specific conditions. In the Svratka region, a significant part of archaic technologies referring deep into the past of file manufacturing all the way to the 1950s was preserved due to the prosperity of file making.
3
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Pilníkářské řemeslo - technologie rukodělné výroby

100%
Michalička V.
Národopisný věstník
|
2013
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vol. 30_(72)
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issue 2
70-77
EN
Equipment of file manufacturing handicraft workshops. The traditional handicraft form of file manufacturing required the creation of aspecific workshop environment. The disposition breakdown of file workshops was not too complicated and it reminded of a smithery in many aspects. File making required highly specialized tools focused on forging and grinding of items, cutting of blades, annealing and tempering. With the narrow specialization, small home-based workshops were established in the Svratka region, in which craftsmen and home-based workmen attended to partial tasks. A strong professional layer of residents also brought the professional language of file makers to the countryside. It did not disappear until the second half of the 20th century. The traditional handicraft manufacturing in the Svratka region disappeared quickly in early 1950s. Hand crafting file makers either entirely ceased their activities or moved on to factories in Jihlava and Hlinsko.
4
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Fenomén příborského řezbářství - Antonín Jařabáč

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Michalička V.
Národopisný věstník
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2008
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vol. 25_(67)
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issue 2
26-33
EN
In the 19th century, the town of Příbor and its environs was one of the regions with an extended crib making tradition. Towards the end of the 20th century, after a long pause, a brand new production of the cribs was started there. However, the craftsmen did not take up the previous tradition. Although several crib makers with their peculiar style work nowadays in Příbor and its environs, the personality of Antonín Jařabáč is indispensable and dominant in this respect. He was born in 1910 in a provincial milieu of the village of Klokočov near Příbor. The works of Antonín Jařabáč are chacterized especially by their handicraft values. Besides the figure and ornamental sculptures, it is possible to consider the crib making as a sort of peak of the carving self-fulfilment of Antonín Jařabáč. Even the other contemporary crib makers from Příbor take up the work of Antonín Jařabáč. Thus during a short period, there a specific group of people who may be designated, according to their territorial relevance, as the Příbor crib makers appeared handicraftsmen. However, Antonín Jařabáč remains for the local inhabitants the most significant representative of the present crib creators.
5
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Současné úkoly etnologie při vnímání etnografického regionu veřejností (na příkladu Lašska)

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Michalička V.
Národopisný věstník
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2011
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vol. 28_(70)
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issue 2
25-30
EN
This contribution will contemplate the issue of the contemporary tasks of ethnology with respect to the perception of ethnographic region in the general public. Particular attention will be paid to the role of professional coverage of one-of-a-kind regions in the process of formation of specifics of the given regions and in the promotion of regional identity. During the first half of the 20th century, there were attempts to created regional monographs that affected the perception of the local regions by the local people. regions that lack more complex coverage by professional ethnographers provide free and unrestricted space for numerous ethnologists and business entities. It often leads to the creation of a fake image of cultural history of the region. Moreover, local people identify themselves with the false interpretation and presentation. the contribution aims to assess the situation, taking as an example the ethnographical region of Lašsko, in case of which the insufficient professional coverage of the topic led to numerous interpretations that distorted cultural awareness in many citizens of the region.
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