Learning a foreign language is not only limited to the development of linguistic competences. Learning a language also means learning about the culture and life of another country, which very often may be a future destination for educational or professional purposes for foreign language learners. Teaching intercultural competences within foreign language education is a subject of academic research. Official documents of the European Union, which affect the national language education strategies, also confirm the importance developing intercultural competence. Experts agree that foreign language teachers play a crucial role in building intercultural awareness of their pupils. Thus, in order to act as intercultural mediators they should acquire intercultural skills and competences themselves. This article analyses the development of future foreign language teachers’ intercultural competences as a consequence of their participation in Comenius Assistantship, a component of the Lifelong Learning Programme.
The aim of the article is to show how the rebellion of Mayor Albert from the years 1311-1312 has been presented in the Polish historiography over a few centuries. The opposing views regarding the course of the rebellion and the role that its particular participants played have not been sufficiently explained. New hypotheses and reinterpretation of some facts, for example, participation of Bolko I of Opole in the events of 1312 in Lesser Poland, brought research problems that have not yet been discussed in the literature. The article presents the abovementioned questions as well as identifies issues that require further analysis.
The Internet is nowadays a popular source of information. In particular, in social media, knowledge is sometimes given in a creative, often multimedia form, which can be considered attractive to young people. The development of this phenomenon is related to the formation of a knowledge society in the environment of the aforementioned type of media and experimentation in them with knowledge management processes. The article presents an analysis of new forms of online education on the example of the activity of educational accounts dedicated to art history. The ways of receiving the content published by these accounts were also explored. In addition, an attempt was made to show the opportunities and risks associated with the development of the concept of knowledge management in the virtual space.
PL
Internet stanowi współcześnie popularne źródło informacji. W szczególności w mediach społecznościowych wiedza podawana bywa w kreatywnej, często multimedialnej formie, która może być uznana za atrakcyjną dla młodzieży. Rozwój tego zjawiska związany jest z kształtowaniem się społeczeństwa wiedzy w środowisku wspomnianego typu mediów i eksperymentowania w nich z procesami zarządzania wiedzą. W artykule przedstawiono analizę nowych form kształcenia online na przykładzie aktywności kont edukacyjnych poświęconych historii sztuki. Eksploracji poddano także sposoby odbierania treści przez te konta publikowanych. Starano się ponadto ukazać szanse i zagrożenia związane z rozwojem koncepcji zarządzania wiedzą w przestrzeni wirtualnej.
Purpose: This study was of a theoretical character and aimed at presenting various descriptions of the interactions between all possible pairs of four well-known negotiating styles dependent on personality traits. Methodology: This study was based on analysis of the interactions as well as authors’ experiences from their observations and analyses on human behaviors during numerous negotiations and roleplay exercises arranged at the courses for practitioners. The stress was put on analyzing the interactions occurring between people representing both different and the same negotiating styles. Findings: The attempt at describing such interactions was successful and promising for farther research. The concept constitutes a useful tool for analyzing human behavioral aspects of different types of business negotiations, within the process of their planning, conduct and evaluation. Nevertheless, the concept will be a subject of subsequent authors’ research, focusing on its improvement mainly by searching more precise features of negotiating styles and interactions between them. Practical implications: The concept can be applied to analyze many real negotiation situations as well as within the experiment to be arranged by the authors to examine those interactions within the hundreds of pairs of negotiators solving particular case studies. Thus the description of such interactions can be treated as a specific hypothesis. Originality: In general, the suggestion for solving complex, difficult and essential issues of negotiating styles was presented but was rarely investigated in the literature on negotiations. In particular, an original concept of describing the interactions between those styles was suggested.
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