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Dyskurs publiczny w warunkach wolności słowa. Perspektywa etyki komunikacji

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Cegieła A.
Poradnik Językowy
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2022
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vol. 790
|
issue 1
34-49
EN
Sociological and linguistic studies show that the language of public communication is not morally constrained and does not lead to dialogue and understanding. Despite the fact that language and the public sphere are a common good, politicians and the media damage them by means of degradation, discrimination, and untruth.
PL
Badania socjologiczne i językoznawcze pokazują, że język komunikacji publicznej nie buduje przestrzeni moralnej i nie prowadzi do dialogu i porozumienia. Mimo że język i sfera publiczna stanowią dobro wspólne, politycy i media niszczą je za pomocą zabiegów takich jak degradacja, dyskryminacja i nieprawda.
2

Na jakich podstawach naukowych opiera się etyka słowa?

100%
Cegieła A.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2019
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vol. 67
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issue 6: Językoznawstwo
49-66
PL
Etyka słowa jest nauką interdyscyplinarną. Opiera się na założeniu personalistycznej koncepcji człowieka, z której wynika nakaz poszanowania partnera komunikacji. Socjologia dostarcza etyce danych o postawach wobec wartości, motywacjach postępowania oraz zmianach moralności. Metodologia badań etyki słowa zaczerpnięta jest z szeroko rozumianego językoznawstwa oraz retoryki. Celem etyki słowa jako działalności jest kształtowanie takiej komunikacji, która prowadzi do porozumienia.
XX
Speech Ethics is an interdisciplinary research discipline. It is founded on the personalistic concept of a human being, which implies the obligation to respect the communication partner. Sociology provides ethics with data on attitudes towards values, motivations for behaviour and changes in morality. The research methodology in Speech Ethics is derived from the broadly understood linguistics and rhetoric. The pragmatic aim of Speech Ethics is to shape communication patterns that lead to mutual understanding.
3
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Uwagi o kryteriach etycznej oceny wypowiedzi

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Cegieła A.
Poradnik Językowy
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2018
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vol. 755
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issue 6
18-34
EN
Unethical utterances and statements should be evaluated based on several criteria. The most important include: the type of the linguistic device, the method of its application, and the effect. What should be taken into consideration next is the circumstances in which the utterance or statement occurred: who the sender was, what his/her position was, to whom and when he/she spoke, what the text genre was, and in what situation it was formulated. It is lies as well as humiliating and exclusive utterances and statements that can be considered most dangerous. They can be defi ned as verbal abuse. Insults infl ict slightly less damage but can be humiliating and exclusive in certain circumstances, too. The same words in different situations can cause more or less damage. Therefore, any unethical utterance or statement needs to be analysed separately and with all circumstances taken into account.
4
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Na czym polega przemoc w języku komunikacji publicznej?

100%
Cegieła A.
Poradnik Językowy
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2019
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vol. 766
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issue 7
7-20
EN
For the purpose of ensuring terminological consistency, the word przemoc (violence) should be reserved in the ethics of the word for such an unethical communication behaviour as (by an analogy to the phenomenon of violence described in social sciences) is a forcible destructive act (it weakens the position of the attacked person, brings losses to them or injures them, thus violating their dignity or sovereignty and depriving them of their self-esteem), and the attacked person cannot effectively defend themselves against such an act. An unethical act of communication may be aimed at one addressee but it always harms the audience by changing the moral standards of communication. Communication violence might be ideological (symbolic or ritual) or spontaneous.
5
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Mowa nienawiści

100%
Cegieła A.
Poradnik Językowy
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2020
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vol. 773
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issue 4
60-70
EN
Hate speech is an object of interest among representatives of various disciplines. Sociology describes it as discrimination of the social groups in which one is a member regardless of their will. Hate speech is defi ned similarly from the angle of political correctness. Communication ethics treats hate speech as a variety of communication violence and an element of the exclusion strategy. Due to the legal consequences of using hate speech, linguistic criteria for recognising it are necessary. They are proposed by Jadwiga Linde-Usiekniewicz, who draws on the relevance theory. A thorough assessment of the utterance or statement categorised as hate speech requires, however, an analysis of a broader situational context.
6
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O niewiarygodności języka w dyskursie ideologicznym

100%
Cegieła A.
Poradnik Językowy
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2022
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vol. 799
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issue 10
133-146
EN
Ideological discourse serves the purpose of imposing a vision of the world based on the sender’s beliefs on the recipient. For this purpose, treatments to modify the meanings of terms and the axiological marking of words are used, ways of understanding and prioritising values are imposed, and the designata of words are arbitrarily changed. The subordination of the language to ideology deprives it of its credibility as an instrument for describing reality, weakens its ability to express meanings precisely, and makes it a tool for sustaining disputes.
PL
Dyskurs ideologiczny służy narzucaniu odbiorcy wizji świata opartej na przekonaniach nadawcy. W tym celu stosuje się zabiegi modyfikujące znaczenia terminów, nacechowanie aksjologiczne wyrazów, narzuca się sposoby rozumienia i hierarchizowania wartości oraz arbitralnie zmienia desygnaty słów. Podporządkowanie języka ideologii odbiera mu wiarygodność jako instrumentu opisu rzeczywistości, osłabia jego zdolności precyzyjnego wyrażania znaczeń, czyni narzędziem podtrzymywania sporów.
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