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Šlechtická usaďba v Rusku 20. století jako příklad kontinuity a diskontinuity:

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Vydra Z.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2020
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vol. 106
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issue 3
433-463
EN
Family mansions have traditionally played a central role in aristocratic family memory. Russian nobility was no exception to this, with country estates (usaďby) playing a special role. The country estate was a place where the aristocrats spent a substantial part of their childhood, a place of pleasant memories, and a sort of constant in family life across the generations. Thus, it was kept in family memory and had a secure place in it. At the same time, the estate itself was a place of memory, for it kept memories of previous generations of the family. Therefore, the paper deals with two fundamental problems. The first one is the role of a country mansion in ancestral memory, especially how a memory of a particular mansion have been passed down between the generations and how the image of a family mansion as a “nest” has transformed in the turbulent times of the late 19th century, through revolutions and up until the present times. The second one is a broader public discourse about nobility, its history and place in society. This discourse is presented through the image of country estates in the collective memory of nobility and the historical memory of society. The intention was to demonstrate the continuity and discontinuity in memory in the 20th century; therefore the article is divided into three parts: country estate in the collective memory in Imperial Russia, in the Soviet era, and in post-Soviet times. The article is based mainly on personal sources (unpublished diaries from Russian archives, correspondence, memoirs, etc.).
2
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Beautiful and difficult years of adolescence. Aristocratic education in late imperial Russia

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Vydra Z.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2023
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vol. 108
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issue 2
297-340
EN
The article focuses on the education and upbringing of aristocrats in late imperial Russia (the 1850s–1917). It is based primarily on sources of a personal nature (non-published and published memoirs and diaries). Their analysis shows the main elements, continuity and discontinuity in the education of boys and girls from aristocratic families during their adolescence, i. e. from the age of twelve/thirteen to sixteen/eighteen. Unlike childhood, for which homeschooling was typical, the period of adolescence was significantly more dynamic. The aristocratic education was more influenced by state educational reforms, growing civic awareness, and various ideas about the best preparation for future life and a career. Aristocratic families chose from among elite noble schools, private lycées, or state public schools (gymnasiums). The nobility’s approach to education was slowly being democratised. More and more aristocrats studied at state public schools (gymnasiums). At the same time, criticism of the conservative conditions of the education system was heard from the ranks of the aristocracy.
3
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Between Monarchism and Nazism: the career of General Vasily Biskupsky in exile (1919-1945)

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Vydra Z., Jiránek T.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2024
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vol. 110
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issue 1
159-204
EN
This study examines General Vasily Viktorovich Biskupsky’s (1878–1945) career in exile. Biskupsky was part of the first wave of Russian emigrants after the 1917 Revolution and Civil War, and he permanently settled in Germany in 1919. As a radical right-wing monarchist, he aimed to create connections between Russian emigrants, German far-right circles, and German conservative monarchists. His ultimate goal was to build a coalition of conservative and far-right forces, restore the monarchy in Russia, and strengthen the Russian-German alliance. However, due to his questionable contacts and suspected involvement in various affairs, such as the Kapp Putsch in 1920 and the Munich Putsch in 1923, Biskupsky acquired a negative reputation. He played a significant role in the monarchist-legitimist movement centred around Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, a pretender in exile to the Russian imperial throne. After 1933, Biskupsky collaborated closely with the Nazi regime, seeing them as the best ally for his political plans. In 1936, he was appointed head of Russische Vertrauensstelle (the Russian Commission for Germany), a position he held until the end of World War II. This study provides the first biographical sketch of Biskupsky’s life in English.
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