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Is Money a Linguistic Form? Integrating Simmel’s Construction of Monetary Value into the Framework of the Philosophy of Language

100%
Leder A.
Polish Sociological Review
|
2018
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vol. 204
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issue 4
515-526
EN
In his study, the author discusses his hypothesis of money as a linguistic form, one understood sensu stricto, as Ferdinand de Saussure would. This approach seems to be the key to explaining some important phenomena: the so-called ‘economics imperialism’ in the social sciences and the specific character of economic language, as seen from the perspective of the humanities. Both the ‘uncanny character’ of economic terms and ‘economics imperialism’ appear in this text as symptoms, or ways in which economic signs, especially money understood as a sign, specifically manifest themselves. The logical analysis of the construction of these signs-analysis based on Saussure’s and Simmel’s propositions-is the main topic of this article. First, the author revisits a well-known parallel between formal structures of linguistic and monetary signs developed in Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics. Second, a crucial difference in these structures is presented and theoretically explained using tools developed by Georg Simmel. The author goes on to consider whether this difference locates the monetary sign outside the realm of language per se. Finally, by applying certain claims made by Ludwig Wittgenstein on the limits of language, the author develops his hypothesis that money is a linguistic sign, but a specific one; it is a kind of a ‘border phenomenon.’ In this text, the author proposes the term ‘linguistic form’ to distinguish this kind of sign. Some theoretical and social consequences of this state of affairs are proposed; inter alia the immanent social antagonism between the symbolic articulation of the social sphere and the economic one.
2
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Historia i struktura. Problem uprawomocnienia

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Leder A.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2016
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vol. 22
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issue 4
132-151
EN
In his text the author is defining the conflict of the structuralist and historicist – synchronic and diachronic thought – described by de Saussure–- as a development of two different ethical axioms in the field of social philosophy. He tries to show, how each of this axioms can generate a different ontology of social being. Applying some elements of Deleuzian thought the author analyzes the theoretical position of the two ethical axioms. Then, on the fundament of the Lacanian, and more generally poststructuralist thought he tries to give a draft of a theoretical space in which such a change of ethical positions would be possible. He develops thus a new philosophy of symbolic fields.
PL
Zarysowany przez de Saussure‟a spór pomiędzy myśleniem strukturalistycznym a historycznym autor rozpoznaje jako konflikt zasad etycznych w filozofii społecznej. Pokazuje, jak każda z tych zasad generuje inną ontologię społecznego bytu. Na przykładzie Deleuze‟a rozważa teoretyczne umiejscowienie każdej z tych etycznych pozycji, a potem, w oparciu o myśl poststrukturalistyczną, a szczególnie Lacanowską, próbuje naszkicować teoretyczną przestrzeń, w której takie zmiany pozycji etycznej byłyby możliwe. Wypracowuje w ten sposób pewną filozofię pól symbolicznych.
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Głos w dyskusji Człowiek jako podmiot zachowania w ujęciu psychologicznym

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Leder A.
Diametros
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2006
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issue 7
160-165
PL
Głos w dyskusji: Człowiek jako podmiot zachowania w ujęciu psychologicznym
EN
A voice in the discussion: Man as a subject of behavior from a psychological perspective
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Psychiatria w ogrodzie (Jarosława Fazana „Od metafory do urojenia. Próba patografii Tadeusza Peipera”)

100%
Leder A.
Wielogłos
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2011
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vol. 2
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issue 10
PL
FROM METAPHOR TO DELUSION (AN ATTEMPT TO WRITE A PATHOGRAPHY OF TADEUSZ PEIPER)  The presentation constitutes an exhaustive review of Jarosław Fazan’s book devoted to the writings of Tadeusz Peiper. Andrzej Leder puts forth a hypothesis that Jarosław Fazan’s innovativeness consists above all in an attempt to present the literary output “marked by psychosis” as a trace of mutually superimposed sum total of various conditions, permitting a reconstruction of a very special position of the writing subject. At the same time it is with this innovative concept that the most controversial moments are associated. To put it simply, they are the outcome of the role which the language of psychiatry plays in the work. This language and way of thinking associated with it, which is deeply rooted in the modernist project – and even according to Foucault’s diagnosis, funding this project in the “humanistic” or “existential” version, does not favor an avant-garde critical deconstruction of ultra-modern subjectivity. The entirety of the review constitutes a systematic discussion of the successive parts of Jarosław Fazan’s book and an attempt to prove the above-mentioned hypothesis. The author of the review underscores with recognition a subtle and careful analysis of the writings whose effect is a dissertation about the “pope of the avant-garde”. At the same time, in many places the author enters into a debate with Jarosław Fazan, concerning issues that are important for contemporary humanist studies, such as an evaluation of a modernist project as a whole, or the place of psychoanalytical theory in the interpretation of a literary work.
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Przeciw zamykaniu przyszłości

100%
Leder A.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2020
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vol. 37
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issue 3
EN
The book review: Bartosz Kuźniarz. 2020. Król Liczb. Szkice z metafizyki kapitalizmu. Warszawa: Fundacja Augusta Hrabiego Cieszkowskiego.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł recenzyjny jest dyskusją z książką Bartosza Kuźniarza Król Liczb. Szkice z metafizyki kapitalizmu (Warszawa: Fundacja Augusta Hrabiego Cieszkowskiego, 2020).
6
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Logika sensu, logika traumy. Uwagi do lektury Gilles’a Deleuze’a

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Leder A.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2012
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vol. 5
83-95
EN
The author puts forward a chain of related notes in his attempt to achievetwo different goals. On the one hand, he tries to remain faithful to both the styleand the intentions of Deleuze while, on the other, tracing the trajectory of difference.The latter is about showing the possibility an alternative reading of phenomena andparadoxes discussed in The Logic of Sense. This fundamental intuition of alternativereading is connected with the identification of the logical disjunction with trauma,understood in the psychoanalytical tradition. This leads to the possibility of buildinga bridge between ‘logical’ and ‘psychoanalytical’ series of Deleuze’s book and toencompass both of them in a single topological space of thinking.
PL
Tekst, przedstawiony w formie notatek z lektury, stawia sobie dwa cele. Z jednej strony próbuje pozostać wierny stylistyce i intencji, określającym myśl Deleuze’a, z drugiej, nakreślić pewną trajektorię różnicy, pozwalającej na zaznaczenie możliwości innego, alternatywnego czytania zjawisk i paradoksów, poruszanych przez autora Logiki sensu. Podstawowa intuicja, określająca tę alternatywną lekturę, wiąże się z utożsamieniem logicznej dysjunkcji z traumą, tak jak rozumiana jest ona w myśli psychoanalitycznej. To utożsamieniepozwala, zgodnie z intencją autora tekstu, przerzucić pomost pomiędzy seriami „logicznymi” a „psychoanalitycznymi”, zamknąć je w jednej topologii.
7
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Sprawa doświadczeń, czyli odpowiedź Pospiszylowi i Sowie

100%
Leder A.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2014
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vol. 11
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issue 1
223-232
8

Dobry towar

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Leder A.
Res Publica Nowa
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2013
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issue 1
151
EN
Trying to describe the discourse which is used in the drug business, the author looks closely at urban graffiti. The small signature of a drug dealer (“Good stuff”), modified several times by members of the local community, becomes part of the story about personal suffering, addiction and loss of dignity. By referring to Hannah Arend’s “On revolution”, the following article builds the parallel between the aristocracy just before the outbreak of the Great Revolution and the discourse of the drug business, which maintains a semblance of “charity”. In fact, both are based on the same hypocrisy, reducing human beings to the “naked need”.
9
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Blockchain and clockwork trust

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Leder A.
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal
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2023
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vol. 13
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issue 1
139-148
EN
This article investigates the hypothesis that we can understand blockchain technology as a mechanization of trust. As inspiration, the author accesses the categories introduced by Bernard Stiegler, especially grammatization and proletarianization. The reflection on the social relation of trust and its mechanization in processes based on blockchain technology develops in the direction of the analysis of the way social time is generated in the process of “digging”. The thesis is that blockchain is not only a mechanized ledger, but also has a more complicated function similar to the role played by subjectivities who generate social time in Jacques Lacan’s concept of logical time. Only the appearance of time modalities, present, past and future, can guarantee a common memory of the past, which is the condition of the possibility of trust.
10
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The Limits of Representation and What Lies Beneath

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Leder A.
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
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2022
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vol. 6
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issue 1
65-79
EN
This article attempts to demonstrate that the failure to recognize real conflicts and bring them to representation is the chief yet highly inconspicuous reason behind the regression of ways in which we understand and describe today’s reality. Crucially, this shortcoming has helped to elevate the language of economics to the rank of the basic idiom for the development of mutual representations. As my analyses show, the language of economy has become the principal medium of representation for communities separated by great distances and unable to recognize each other’s existence as rooted in their respective realities, despite the fact that they are deeply interconnected. For this reason, although global dependence and conflict, including exploitation and exclusion, remain faceless, they do find some expression in symbolic indices of anonymous capital flows, represented and made legible in streams of numbers.
11
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Transformation of Trust into Capital, Financialization and the Moment of Betrayal

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Leder A.
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
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2023
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vol. 7
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issue 2
68-92
EN
In his text, the author develops the notion of trust as a condition for the possibility of any relational anthropology. Referring to the root associated with trust as the foundation of the relationship, he takes a position in the dispute about the primal nature of trust or perfidy; believes that in the abusive practices of credit and debt there is a reversal of the meaning of what is a necessary element of human life, relationships based on trust. Perfidy is possible precisely because there is trust. On the basis of such concepts, he develops an analysis of events in the global economy at the turn of the 20th and 21th century, especially the financialization, based on the ideas of such authors as Arrighi, Bourdieu, Eichegreen, Pobłocki and Stiegler but also Lacan.
12
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Czas logiczny a czas społeczny

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Leder A.
wunderBlock. Psychoanaliza i Filozofia
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2023
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issue 3
48-65
EN
In comparing the ideas of social time of Norbert Elias and Jacques Lacan, the author first reconstructs the theoretical premises of these ideas and then shows the consequences of adopting each of them. Elias’ neo-Kantianism is contrasted with Lacan’s dialectical view of the subject-object relationship. However, the author shows that Lacan’s ‘new sophism’ contains an original construction that transcends the horizon of philosophical projects and makes it possible to combine the process of the genesis of social time, the emergence of the foundations of logic and, finally, the question of recognition, that is, equality or the lack thereof in relations between people – all these within the play of constitution of plural subjectivities.
PL
Porównując ze sobą koncepcje czasu społecznego Norberta Eliasa i Jacques’a Lacana, autor wpierw wyłania przesłanki teoretyczne tych koncepcji, a następnie ukazuje konsekwencje przyjęcia każdej z nich. Neokantyzm Eliasa przeciwstawiony jest dialektycznemu ujęciu relacji podmiotu z przedmiotem u Lacana. Autor pokazuje jednak, że „nowy sofizmat” Lacana niesie ze sobą oryginalną i przekraczającą horyzont projektów filozoficznych konstrukcję, pozwalającą połączyć w grze konstytuującej mnogie podmiotowości proces genezy czasu społecznego, wyłanianie się fundamentów logiki i wreszcie kwestię uznania, czyli równości albo jej braku w relacjach między ludźmi.
13
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Rzeczywiste, realne i psi solipsyzm etyczny. Czyli o tym, jak w złych czasach psy ratują człowieka przed niesamowitym

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Leder A.
wunderBlock. Psychoanaliza i Filozofia
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2022
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issue 1
52-68
EN
The text is an attempt to test the experience of the uncanny as a yardstick for certain particularly evil, inhuman forms of social reality and an attempt to show animals as those who can rescue humans in the uncanny oppression . Drawing on three literary texts: Emmanuel Levinas’s The Dog, or Natural Law, Georgy Vladimov’s Faithful Ruslan, and Varlam Shalamov’s The Bitch Tamara, the author traces the phenomena and events present in them that can be captured by the category of the uncanny as psychoanalysis understands it. He notes that Lacanian structuralism brilliantly reveals how the uncanny is hidden in language practices themselves. Finally, he shows that the relationship that animals establish with humans, unmediated by language, gives them the uncanny power to fix the world in bad times.
PL
Tekst jest próbą testowania doświadczenia niesamowitości jako probierza pewnych szczególnie złych, nieludzkich form rzeczywistości społecznej i zwierząt, jako ratujących człowieka z niesamowitej opresji. Opierając się na trzech tekstach literackich: Emmanuela Levinasa Pies, albo prawo naturalne, Gieorgija Władimowa Wierny Rusłan, historia obozowego psa i Warłama Szałamowa Suka Tamara, tropi autor obecne w nich zjawiska i wydarzenia, dające się uchwycić za pomocą kategorii niesamowitego, tak jak ją rozumie psychoanaliza. Zauważa, że Lacanowski strukturalizm znakomicie odsłania to, jak bardzo niesamowitość kryje się w samych praktykach językowych. Wreszcie odkrywa, że niezapośredniczona przez język relacja, którą zwierzęta nawiązują z człowiekiem, daje im w złych czasach niesamowitą moc naprawiania świata.
14
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Current Perspectives on The Philosophy of Money On the 100th Anniversary of Georg Simmel’s Death (1858–1918)

51%
Leder A., Markowska B., Ratajczak M.
Polish Sociological Review
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2018
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vol. 204
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issue 4
427-428
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