Latin nonfinite structures with nonovert subjects exhibit puzzling properties with regard to the case- and ϕ-features of their subjects and their relationship to overt NPs in matrix clauses. While the transmission of case- and ϕ-feature related properties is obligatory when there is a nominative or accusative controller NP, it is only ϕ-feature transmission that remains obligatory when there is a dative controller, case transmission being apparently optional. To avoid an assumption of syntactic optionality, accounts of the phenomenon which rely on syntactic mechanisms propose that the apparent optionality reflects a syntactic difference between two types of nonfinite structures. It is instead proposed that mechanisms of linking of objects via Agree and ϕ-feature and case transmission should be assigned to different components of the grammar, syntax and morphology. The hypothesis allows a unified treatment of the syntactic phenomenon of control in Latin.
The paper examines a Late Latin construction consisting of a relative or an interrogative pronoun followed by a bare infinitive. It has been often proposed that the syntactic structure of such sentences results from a contamination of two distinct clause types. This paper proposes an analysis in terms of the Minimalist framework, rejecting the traditional approach and explaining syntactic and semantic properties of the structure on the basis of mechanisms independently motivated for other Latin structures. The surface shape of such clauses is argued to result from changes in morphological parameters. The analysis provides therefore support for the thesis that language change involves primarily the morphological module, which remains the main locus of diachronic and synchronic variation.
The present paper investigates the relevance of structural and intertextual information for an interpretation of Votum z Seneki dla Jegomości Pana Chorążego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego by Jan Andrzej Morsztyn. Placing both the structural and intertextual properties of the text against a wider context of the literary practices of the period, of the contemporaneous philosophical discussions and tendencies, as well as philological discussions of relevant hypotexts, allows one, it is argued, to uncover at least two distinct, although closely intertwined, layers of irony and scepticism in Morsztyn’s piece.
The paper examines a group of subjunctive clauses attested in Tertullian’s works, which seem to deviate from the rules of consecutio temporum. Earlier researchers assumed that the unusual pattern follows from brachylogy, otherwise frequent in Tertullian’s writings. It is argued that in fact such clauses obey the rules of the Classical period and there is no need to explain their behavior as resulting from a brachylogical expression.
One of the most striking features of Lucifer's style is his frequent usage of a periphrastic structure. The paper proposes that there is a clear semantic distinction between this construction and synthetic verbal forms. Stylistic and interpretive consequences of Lucifer's usage follow from a comparison with other authors and transtextual gestures which determine a proper contextualization of such structures.
A textual problem from Cicero's oration In defence of Publius Sestius is discussed in order to determine syntactic and semantic consequences of editorial choices. The discussion involves semantic and syntactic properties of Latin past participles within a minimalist setting. A detailed investigation of the passage indicates that a textual variant not accepted by most editors is to be preferred.
A textual problem from Cicero’s oration In defence of Publius Sestius is discussed in order to determine syntactic and semantic consequences of editorial choices. The discussion involves semantic and syntactic properties of Latin past participles within a minimalist setting. A detailed investigation of the passage indicates that a textual variant not accepted by most editors is to be preferred.
The present paper investigates the sources and ramifi cations of the reference to Cicero’s death in Kochanowski’s Lament 16.29-32. Supplementing information provided by existing commentaries on Laments, it is argued that the reference is made to the judgement on Cicero’s last hours in Plutarch’s Comparison of Demosthenes and Cicero. The divergence from the main current of the biographical tradition of Cicero’s death, mostly favourable to him, is put into the context of the complex Renaissance discussion about the philosophy-of Cicero, acceptability of Stoicism, and the relationship between ancient philosophy and Christianity.
Recent minimalist framework reduces computational requirements of syntactic derivations by postulating that they proceed in a strictly Markovian fashion. This move opens a new way to analyze control structures of natural languages. Taking Latin control structures as a test case, the paper compares three alternative minimalist analyses of the phenomenon of control in order to assess their empirical adequacy and theoretical commitments. It is concluded that a Markovian account is superior to its alternatives on general conceptual grounds.
PL
Najnowsze propozycje teoretyczne w ramach minimalizmu redukują wymagania zasobów obliczeniowych w procesie derywacji przez postulowanie ich markowskiego charakteru. W wyniku takiego posunięcia otwierają się nowe możliwości analizy zjawiska kontroli w językach naturalnych. Na podstawie zjawiska kontroli w języku łacińskim jako materiale empirycznym artykuł porównuje trzy minimalistyczne analizy takich struktur w celu oceny ich adekwatności empirycznej i zobowiązań teoretycznych. Porównanie prowadzi do wniosku, że choć wszystkie rozwiązania wykazują ten sam poziom adekwatności empirycznej, hipoteza markowskiego charakteru derywacji jest z teoretycznego punktu widzenia najtrafniejsza.
Opozycja trybu oznajmującego i trybu przypuszczającego w łacińskim systemie czasownikowym jest przedmiotem wielu odmiennych analiz. Artykuł przedstawia podejście oparte na koncepcji hierarchii cech dystynktywnych i analizie składnikowej cech trybu czasownika w systemie łacińskim. Proponowana jest analiza na cechy [±realis], [±oblique] oraz [±irrealis], wraz z opisem wykładników morfologicznych tych cech i ich dopuszczalnych kombinacji oraz ze wstępną analizą ich semantycznych korelatów z wykorzystaniem podstawowych pojęć semantyki światów możliwych. Zwięźle dyskutowane są także konsekwencje proponowanego podejścia dla analizy synchronicznego i diachronicznego zróżnicowania w łacińskim systemie czasownikowym.
EN
The indicative-subjunctive distinction of the Latin verbal mood system has been subject to various analyses. The paper presents an approach relying on the concept of contrastive feature hierarchy, developing the idea of a featural decomposition of Latin verbal moods. A threefold distinction in terms of features [±realis], [±oblique] and [±irrealis] is proposed, with an elucidation of morphological and semantic counterparts of such features and combinations thereof, utilizing basic tools of the possible worlds framework. Consequences of the proposed approach for an analysis of synchronic and diachronic variation in the Latin verbal mood system are also briefly discussed.
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