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  1. 1 HORVÁTH C. S.

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  1. 1 2025

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Interests behind the Development of the Hungarian Railway Network During the Habsburg Empire Period Up to 1867

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HORVÁTH C. S.
Historia i Świat
|
2025
|
vol. 14
205–230
EN
The first steam-powered public railway in the Kingdom of Hungary, then part of the Habsburg Empire, was inaugurated in 1846. Initially connecting Pest and Vác, this line was extended to link the capitals of Vienna and Pest by 1850. The development of this railway was significantly shaped by Austrian imperial objectives, with the primary driving forces rooted in the Empire’s political, economic, and social interests, despite the line being constructed by a private company pursuing its own economic goals. Over time, the motivations behind Hungarian railway development grew increasingly complex, influenced not only by the Empire’s political, economic, and military interests but also by individual ambitions (political and personal prestige) and a range of territorial factors (imperial/Austrian, national/state, regional, county, and local). In the years leading up to the Austro‒Hungarian Compromise of 1867, regional, county, and local interests began to influence the construction and routing of Hungarian railway lines significantly, despite the initial dominance of Vienna’s centralization policies‒particularly after the imperial economic crisis of 1854. However, imperial/Austrian interests, especially military considerations, remained predominant throughout this period, becoming increasingly influential from the 1850s onward. This study seeks to categorize the various interests that shaped the development of Hungarian railway lines leading up to the Compromise and to present the partial development of the Kingdom of Hungary’s main fixed-track railway network. The findings suggest that these developments resulted from a complex interplay of multiple factors rather than any single dominant interest. Given the lack of existing theoretical frameworks from this perspective, the analysis is grounded in Hungarian and Austrian literature, supported by contemporary press sources, relevant published documents, and archival materials.
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