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EN
The article presents partial results of a qualitative study realized in 2006 between Czech men and women managers. The purpose of the study was to compare the situation and conditions of men and women in managerial work. It shows that the main source of inequalities is the need of conciliation of managerial work and household and family duties. The division of non-paid labor in the families of our respondents is very gender unequal. Women are responsible for largest part of tasks connected with household and childrearing, even if they live in most cases in two carrier families. On the other hand, men managers prefer to live in a traditional family arrangement and they take advantage of a female partner who devotes all her time to their household. Those differences represent a handicap for women and hinder the carriers of women managers.
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EN
Fatherhood has experienced many transformations in the past years, as well as the institution of family and relationships between partners, parents and children. The social science discourse reflects those changes, but quite often through a prism of values and ideologies, and only rarely is gender neutral. This article presents today's discourses of fatherhood, their paradoxes and one way streets in which they sometimes end. Fathers today and especially those living in some of the 'new' family arrangement (divorced fathers, step fathers, lone fathers...) find themselves in a situation where no clear cultural models or scenarios of behaviour exist. Public and scientific discourses of fatherhood are divided between the image of a 'new' involved father on one side and of the 'feckless' father on the other. Both images are often used and misused to political purposes, but don't really reflect the reality of contemporary fatherhood.
EN
The article draws on empirical qualitative research to identify the various ways in which separated or divorced fathers in the Czech Republic relate to the norm of father-provider. It offers an analysis of the plurality of men's approaches to the traditional provider norm of fatherhood, and the changes that occur in their attitudes and approaches as a result of divorce. The results show that although for Czech men the 'provider' dimension is the strongest dimension in their notion of fatherhood even after marital separation, their understanding of what material support for the children means is transformed by the fact of separation. In the father's view, the child, along with the family, ceases to be a joint enterprise, and the child often becomes identified with the ex-wife. According to their notions and practices concerning child support, the men in this study can be divided into three groups: nurturing fathers who reject the provider/caregiver division and thus refuse to pay; helping fathers who consider their children to be primarily the ex-wife's responsibility, and thus only pay small amounts of money, and the fathers-providers who are willing to fully support their children, but only if this support is voluntary and under their control.
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EN
The authoresses analyze social changes within the family in western countries during the transformation towards modern individualized society. They based their statement on the theory of Ulrich Beck and Elisabeth Beck Gernsheim and further on the theory of François de Singly. In accord with these theorists the authoresses define individualization as a process continuously proceeding for many centuries. Among the consequences they place growing of differences between individuals, preference of individual interests to collective ones but foremost the growing possibility for free choice and decision. They also discuss the growing of uncertainty as the negative aspect of individualism. The process of individualization is irreversible and because of the ambiguity between autonomy and the fact that we are living in community, voluntary love partnerships become of crucial importance as the main pattern of social relationship in contemporary societies. ( www.genderonline.cz/view.php?cisloclanku=2005112901)
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