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Sztuka potrydencka na Śląsku na przykładzie kościoła św. św. Stanisława i Wacława w Świdnicy. Założenia teoretyczne i praktyka artystyczna

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. H.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

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2008

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vol. 83

EN

„After Trident Council art” term refers to the sacral artistic realizations which originated after the Trident Council (1545-1563). Generally, the foundations of this art were formulated during the last (XXVth) session of the Council (3-4 December 1563) in the decree entitled De invocatione, veneratione el reliqvis sanctorum, et sacris imaginibus. Because the decree did not give answer to many very important questions for artists, which were born during the artistic practice, detailed solutions were found by the Catholic art theoreticians, such as Johannes Molanus, Andrea Possevino, Gabriele Paleotti or Carlo Borromeo. The Church of St. Stanislas and Vaclav in Świdnica proves that decisions of the Trident Council with reference to the sacral art were strictly realized. The formal and ideological analysis of this structure confirms that within the space of the parochial church in Świdnica were realized all topics recommended by the Council: The Christology, The St. Mary’s Cult and The Hagiography. In representations of Jesus Christ was marked the role of The Eucharist in redeem, in the scenes in which St. Mary was presented, according to the instructions of the Catholic Church, were heightened the elements such as her Immaculate Conception and Advocacy which distinguished St. Mary from other women. Finally, in the representations of the Saints, the personages of the church patrons and the founders of the Society of Jesus were marked. Other motifs visible in the church decoration (The Trinity, The Salomon Temple, The Triumph of the Church) were repercussions of the local religious and political situation in Silesia in 17th and 18th century.

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Proces i stracenie Ludwika XVI w świetle prasy warszawskiej z lat 1792-1793

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. H.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

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2010

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vol. 85

PL

W niniejszym tekście autorka wykorzystała ustalenia poczynione w trakcie pisania rozprawy doktorskiej pt. Obraz Francji w dobie rewolucji na łamach prasy warszawskiej z lat 1789-1794, realizowanej w Instytucie Historii UŁ pod kierunkiem prof. dr. hab. Zbigniewa Anusika.

EN

The purpose of the article is to present the fates of Louis XVI after the revolution on 10 August 1792. The king, devoid of the executive power, was imprisoned with family in Temple, where he was supposed to wait for the further decision about his affair. National Convention which gathered on 20 September 1792 was about to decide on his fate. The question we discuss on the basis of the polish information press, which was appearing in Warsaw in the years 1792-1793. In that time two periodicals were published: ‘Gazeta Warszawska’ and ‘Korespondent Warszawski’. During the first weeks after 10 August nothing showed that Louis would be executed. Only small group of the radical club activists demanded his death. The configuration of political forces in the Convention was profitable for Louis. The Girondins had majority and they wanted to save the king at any price. First of all they lingered over bringing a suit as long as possible and when it occurred to be unavoidable, they were trying to exchange the death penalty for the life imprisonment. The opposite party, the Montagnards, demanded to put Louis into jail immediately, to sentence him to death and execute the verdict to give the others an example. Finding Louis' letters in the secret hiding place in Tuileries on 20 November, giving evidence that he was conspiring with counterrevolutionaries and Austrians, with whom France waged a war, made the further postponement of the trial impossible. The next day the Assembly called into existence the Commission of 12 Members, which was supposed to take care of the inventory of founded correspondence. On 6 December, a new Commission consisted of 21 members was established. The Commission presented in the Convention on 10 December the act of Louis’ accusation. The Assembly interrogated ex-king two times, on 10 and 26 December. On 14 January 1793, the Convention passed free questions for the deputies: Is Louis guilty of treason? Should the Convention's sentence be sanctioned by people? What should be the punishment for Louis? The voting on two first questions took place on 15 January. Louis was found guilty almost unanimously with 693 votes. A few deputies abstained from voting. A motion about appellation to the people failed in the proportion of 424 to 283. On 17 January, the Convent passed a death penalty for Louis. The execution took place on 21 January. The death of French monarch brought grief to all Europe and quickened the formation of the First Coalition.

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„Gazeta Warszawska” księdza Stefana Łuskiny o podróży Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego do Kaniowa w 1787 r.

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Karkocha M., Katedra Historii Nowożytnej W. F.-H.

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

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2011

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vol. 10

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issue 2

EN

Presented article is aimed at discussing the five-month journey (from 23 Feb-ruary to 22 July 1787) of the king Stanisław August Poniatowski to Kaniów, where the monarch was supposed to meet with the Russian empress Catherine II. This issue has not interested any of Polish historians so far. The source of information used by us are the reports placed on the pages of „Gazeta Warszaws-ka” – the main magazine being published in the capital city of the Polish- -Lithuanian Commonwealth in years 1774–1793. Stanisław August had great hopes about the journey to Kaniów. He expected that he would obtain from Catherine II the guarantee of the sanctity of the terri-torial state and the assent to some political reforms, including the increase in the number of army, in exchange for the military alliance and the aid in the imminent Russo-Turkish war. He counted also on gaining new territory in the form of the part of Moldavia and Bessarabia. Stanisław August set out on the trip on 23 February 1787. He reached his destination on 24 March. The meeting with Catherine II took place on the em-press’ gallery in the middle of Dnepr on 6 May, and it took only a few hours, instead of few days, like it was decided earlier. Despite of this fact Polish ruler was satisfied. He believed that it would bring the Polish-Lithuanian Common-wealth a lot of weal and the longed-for peace. It’s time to show how much the king was mistaken.

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Sprawozdanie ze spotkania z Panią prof. Olgą Goldberg-Mulkiewicz poświęcone pamięci zmarłego w 2011 r. prof. Jakuba Goldberga, Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 29 maja 2012 r.

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Karkocha M., Katedra Historii Nowożytnej U. Ł.

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

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2012

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vol. 11

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issue 1

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Odnowienie doktoratu Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego profesora Jerzego Kmiecińskiego i profesora Stanisława M. Zajączkowskiego

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

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2012

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vol. 11

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issue 1

6

Dzwony kościelne utracone w czasie II wojny światowej z terenu diecezji kieleckiej. Przyczynek do zagadnienia

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

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2014

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vol. 13

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issue 2

EN

The aims of the article is to discuss the losses sustained by the Diocese of Kielce in relation to the sacral bells during the Second World War. This issue was not so far discussed in detail in historical literature. On the basis of available sources (materials stored in the Archive of the Diocese in Kielce) it should be noted, that during the last war the diocese of Kielce lost more than 160 church bells because of the German military requisition and at least a few as a result of the warfare. The highest intensity of the action of confiscation bells by the Nazis were recorded in 1941–1942, after that time it took place only very occasionally. Among the confiscated bells were 43 antique ones, cast before 1900. The most historical bells, as many as five, lost the Parish of Gnojno. The oldest bell, looted by the Germans from the Church dedicated to the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Książ Mały, was cast in 1500. The most of the bells made before 1900 was the work of unknown artists. Only a few of them bear the signature of the craftsman. Bells funded in the interwar period came mostly from the three Polish foundries, that is factories of Felczyński Brothers in Kalush (Kałusz) and Przemyśl, workshop of Karl Gustav Schwabe in Biała near Bielsko and the „Bells Foundry Francis Lott, Michael Dziarski and Company” („Odlewnia Dzwonów Franciszek Lott, Michał Dziarski i Spółka”), located in Pustelnik near Warsaw.

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Sprawozdanie ze spotkania z prof. dr hab. Alicją Szymczak, Łódź, 24 listopada 2014 r.

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

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2014

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vol. 13

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issue 2

8

Ludność parafii Rembieszyce po II wojnie światowej w świetle ksiąg metrykalnych

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

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2014

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vol. 92

EN

The article aims to discuss the most important demographic phenomena occurring in the Roman Catholic Parish of Rembieszyce after World War II, in the years 1945–2012. The basic sources for the Author were the parish registers of births, marriages and deaths, stored in the Archive of the Rembieszyce Parish. It was studied the collection of 2490 metrics of baptisms, 997 metrics of weddings, and 1272 metrics of funerals, making a total amount of 4759 metrical acts. The Author had identified three key issues, i.e. births, marriages and deaths. Each of these problems has been characterized mainly by specifying the level of the phenomenon and its seasonality. In addition, with respect to the births, it was discussed the structure of births by localities, multiple births, the popularity of male and female names, as well as habits of giving the names and choice the godparents. The image of weddings also consists: the structure of the prospective spouses by age, marital status and territorial mobility of newlyweds. By contrast, analysis of deaths and funerals was complemented by the structure of deceased persons by sex and age, the life expectancy for men and women, the causes of death, and the issue of the last sacraments. At the end of the article was presented the natural growth and loss of the population of the Rembieszyce Parish.

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Parafia Rembieszyce w latach 1800–1945. Wybrane zagadnienia

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

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2013

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vol. 12

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issue 1

EN

The Parish of St. Peter and Paul in Rembieszyce is located in the province of Kielce, in the commune of Małogoszcz. It was founded in 1438 with the efforts of Odrowąż family, the owners Rembieszyce and surrounding villages. From its inception until today, it was composed of four settlements: Rembieszyce, Karsznice, Mieronice and Wola Tesserowa. The present article discusses the history of the parish Rembieszyce in the years 1800–1945, taking into account such issues as the place of the parish in the church administrative structure, its emoluments, priests and church service, and finally the population of the parish. The basic sources for the research are primarily materials stored in the Archives of the Diocese of Kielce, such as lists of the presbytery funds, inventories fundi instructi, statistical lists concerning the parish, reports, and documents prepared for the sake of the parish representatives pastoral visit to the dean, and reports prepared by those in charge of the parish before visiting the parish by representatives of the diocese. The author has also used documents from the archive of the Parish of Rembieszyce (the parish records registering births and deaths and the parish chronicle). Among the printed sources, one should mention the diocesan directories published regularly in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Other documents, such as correspondence, complement the present study. Analysis of the source material leads to some interesting conclusions. First and foremost, the parish of Rembieszyce in the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century was one of the smallest and poorest parishes in the diocese. Low emoluments incumbency in Rembieszyce often caused difficulties in its manning. Suffice it to say that over the nearly 150 years the parish had as many as 25 priests with the title administrator and only one proboszcz, i.e. vicar. Twice it was vacant for lack of candidates willing to take over its management. Throughout the period under research on can observe a small but steady increase in the number of inhabitants of the parish. Larger losses in the population were observed only during the period of epidemics and during World War II. Parish of Rembieszyce was fairly uniform in terms of religious and therefore free from sectarian tensions. The majority of its inhabitants were Roman Catholics. Jews constituted a small percentage of the total population (about 3% in the nineteenth century, less than 4% in the first half of the last century). Other denominations in the parish has also been recorded. Last but not least, among the inhabitants of the parish throughout the period that is in the interest of the present study (with some exceptions) female parishioners statistically dominated male ones. This phenomenon is not only characteristic of the parish under research but occurred throughout the province of Kielce.

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Duszpasterstwo i życie religijne parafii Rembieszyce w latach 1800–1945. Z dziejów społeczności lokalnej

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

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2013

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vol. 12

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issue 2

EN

The Rembieszyce Parish is located in the province of Kielce, in the commune of Małogoszcz and has been composed by four settlements: Rembieszyce, Karsznice, Mieronice and Wola Tesserowa. It was founded in 1438 with the efforts of Odrowąż family. It is dedicated to the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. Presented article aims to show the religious life of the Rembieszyce Parish in the years 1800–1945. The Author’s researches efforts were focused on the external aspects of religious life, especially on religious practices. In this article Author also discussed the church teaching and the activities of the social and religious organizations. The basic sources for the Author researches are collected in the Archives of the Diocese of Kielce, and – to a lesser extent – in the Archive of the Parish Rembieszyce. Among them are: consistorial files, reports of the dean and pastoral visitation, school records and population statistics. The Author also used the parish registers of births, marriages and deaths, stored in several archives (Archives of the Kielce Diocese, State Archive in Kielce, Archive of the Rembieszyce Parish). This article is also complemented by other materials, such as correspondence or newspapers.

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Uposażenie parafii Małogoszcz w świetle sumariusza z 1792 roku

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

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2016

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vol. 15

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issue 1

12

Sprawozdanie z ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej pt. „Spory o państwo w dobie nowożytnej. Między racją stanu a partykularyzmem”, Łódź 17-19 listopada 2005 r.

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Karkocha M., Łódzki U.

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

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2005

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vol. 4

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issue 2

13

Epigrafika w Małogoszczu XVI–XVIII w.

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

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2015

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vol. 95

EN

In Małogoszcz there are preserved 55 epigraphic monuments from the late 16th to 18th century. The mentioned town is one of the most important centers of Old Polish epigraphy in the region and in general in the province of Kielce. Richer resources can boast only Jędrzejów (59 epigraphic monuments) and Kielce (57 epigraphic monuments). Epigraphic monuments in Małogoszcz are located in places of worship (parish church dedicated to Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Stanislaus branch church in Babinek), with one exception of the inscription located on the window frame of presbytery. There are 17 monuments of the 16th century, 35 of the next century, and 3 of the 18th century. Among the inscriptions the most abundant are all kind of tablets (gravestone, commemorative, votive, aphoristic and aphoristic- votive plaques) in the number of 23. In second place in terms of numbers ranked up the graffiti, which are 15. We also have three heraldic cartouches, two portals, the same number of chalices and bells, a stone slab, a frame of window, a chasuble, a monstrance, a ciborium, a vessel designed to keep the holy oils, ampoules and a votive plaque. Most of the inscriptions were carried out in Latin, and only three in Polish. The dominant type of script is inscriptional capitals (humanistic capitals). Most of the monuments were found by the clergymen. It should be emphasized activities of two representatives of Chrostkowic family – Jacob Bieda and his nephew Jacob (the Younger). They founded more than 20 objects bearing inscriptions. A smaller share in foundations had representatives of the other states – townspeople and noblemen. In epigraphy of Małogoszcz there is a high volume of various types of abbreviation. The most popular is suspension, and in inscriptions of the 16th and 17th century also abbreviatio per signum abreviationis. It is characteristic a little quantity of shortening per litteram suprascriptam. There is also a small amount of shortening in inscriptions carried out in Polish. The stonemasons from Małogoszcz often skipped the characters describing the hash value as well. In the monuments of the late 16th century and the first half of the 17th century, draws attention the way of saving the daily and annual dates, not occurring anywhere else in the region. It shall also apply the specific and unique measures of abbreviation, that make almost impossible to decipher an inscription.

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Zabytkowe dzwony kościelne na terenie diecezji kieleckiej. Warsztaty i twórcy

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

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2015

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vol. 14

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issue 2

EN

On the basis of available literature, materials collected in the Archives of the Diocese of Kielce, the Regional Office for the Protection of Monuments in Kielce and Krakow, as well as a result of field research conducted partly by the Author it can be concluded, that in the Diocese of Kielce there have been preserved, i.e. saved from requisitions and destruction of war, about 120 historic church bells. All of them date back to the period before 1900. Only 41 of those (fewer than half) bear a name and a surname of the bell-founder and a name of the location of the workshop. Bells cast in the 14th and 15th century, usually inscribed with the Latin words „O rex gloriae veni cum pace”, remain completely anonymous to us. Only one signed bell from the 16th century is still extant in Zagość. There have also been preserved two bells dating back to the next century, both produced for the church in Małogoszcz by Benedict Briot from Lorraine, who worked in Poland. The largest number of signed specimens (as many as 33) come from the 18th century. Among them there prevail bells from two famous bell foundries located in Gdańsk, namely the ones produced by the Wittwerck and Anthony families, and those coming from an equally active Kraków workshops belonging to the Weidner family, to Ignatius Huflauer and to Balthazar Ruszkowski (vel Roszkiewicz, Rośkiewicz). Only a few bells found in the 19th century bear a signature of the producer. The majority of them were smelt from older, damaged specimens and were manufactured by bell founders located in Warsaw (M. Petersilge, M.A. Zwoliński) or in Kraków (A. Fortuński).

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Straty materialne Kościoła katolickiego na terenie diecezji kieleckiej w czasie II wojny światowej

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

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2015

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vol. 14

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issue 1

EN

During the Second World War Catholic Church in the Diocese of Kielce suffered significant losses in church buildings, their equipment, objects of worship, parish account books, church libraries and graveyards. These losses were caused by both military operations and predatory policy of the German occupiers. The largest losses suffered parishes located in the area near the Baranów and San-domierz bridgehead, where from August 1944 to January 1945 bloody fighting took place. In these areas, there were destroyed almost the entire villages together with their residential buildings, outbuildings, vicarages, churches and other sacra buildings. Based on materials stored in the Archives of the Diocese of Kielce it can be said, that about 20 objects of worship were destroyed in a degree exceeding 70%, slightly more than 20 in the range of 30–70%, and 70 on a scale of less than 30%. Destruction of churches included their furnishings as well. In many parishes, robes and liturgical books, paraments, votive offerings and even parish records registering births, marriages and deaths were lost. Devastation of Catholic churches and looting of cultural property was an integral aspect of the Nazis fight with Polish culture.

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Sprawozdanie z Jubileuszu 65-lecia urodzin i 40-lecia pracy naukowo--dydaktycznej w Uniwersytecie Łódzkim Profesora Albina Głowackiego, Łódź, 27 maja 2015 r.

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Karkocha M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

Przegląd Nauk Historycznych

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2015

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vol. 14

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issue 1

XX

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Sztuka potrydencka na Śląsku na przykładzie kościoła św. św. Stanisława i Wacława w Świdnicy. Założenia teoretyczne i praktyka artystyczna

Proces i stracenie Ludwika XVI w świetle prasy warszawskiej z lat 1792-1793

„Gazeta Warszawska” księdza Stefana Łuskiny o podróży Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego do Kaniowa w 1787 r.

Sprawozdanie ze spotkania z Panią prof. Olgą Goldberg-Mulkiewicz poświęcone pamięci zmarłego w 2011 r. prof. Jakuba Goldberga, Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 29 maja 2012 r.

Odnowienie doktoratu Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego profesora Jerzego Kmiecińskiego i profesora Stanisława M. Zajączkowskiego

Dzwony kościelne utracone w czasie II wojny światowej z terenu diecezji kieleckiej. Przyczynek do zagadnienia

Sprawozdanie ze spotkania z prof. dr hab. Alicją Szymczak, Łódź, 24 listopada 2014 r.

Ludność parafii Rembieszyce po II wojnie światowej w świetle ksiąg metrykalnych

Parafia Rembieszyce w latach 1800–1945. Wybrane zagadnienia

Duszpasterstwo i życie religijne parafii Rembieszyce w latach 1800–1945. Z dziejów społeczności lokalnej

Uposażenie parafii Małogoszcz w świetle sumariusza z 1792 roku

Sprawozdanie z ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej pt. „Spory o państwo w dobie nowożytnej. Między racją stanu a partykularyzmem”, Łódź 17-19 listopada 2005 r.

Epigrafika w Małogoszczu XVI–XVIII w.

Zabytkowe dzwony kościelne na terenie diecezji kieleckiej. Warsztaty i twórcy

Straty materialne Kościoła katolickiego na terenie diecezji kieleckiej w czasie II wojny światowej

Sprawozdanie z Jubileuszu 65-lecia urodzin i 40-lecia pracy naukowo--dydaktycznej w Uniwersytecie Łódzkim Profesora Albina Głowackiego, Łódź, 27 maja 2015 r.