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The ‘Merchant Schism’ in Breslau: A Chris- tian-Jewish Conflict and the Construction of the Exchange Building in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century

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Zabłocka-Kos A.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2019

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vol. 120

PL

This article seeks to interpret the dispute between Christian and Jewish merchants that took place in Breslau (today, Wrocław in Poland) in the first half of the nineteenth century. The dispute arose in the eighteenth century and severely deepened after the reforms designed by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg were being introduced in Prussia since 1807. Among other aspects, the conflict revolved around the rapid development of the local Jewish religious community and the fast expansion of its steam-gathering economic elite. The development of Silesian trade, with an enormous role of Jews in it, was accompanied by continuous attempts at regaining the Eastern markets, partly lost after Prussia annexed Silesia in 1740 as well as resulting from the decisions of the 1815 Vienna Congress. In order to restore Breslau as an intermediary in trade between the West and the East and make it an important stock-exchange hub, collective action was a must. However, conflicts between merchants of different religions, including keeping the Jewish merchants off the local exchange, obstructed the design. The dispute was partly averted when a Chamber of Commerce was set up in Breslau in 1849. However, only the gradual quitting by the Christian merchants, members of the merchant corporation, of their privileged position in the organisation of local trade gave way to a compromise. The construction in 1864–7 of a common ‘exchange’ can be perceived as epitomising the completion of a centuries-long dispute. The monumental edifice, the largest and the showiest of all exchange buildings east of Berlin at the time, testified to high aspirations of Breslavian economic circles and their keen willingness to develop trading business far beyond the then-frontier of the state.

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Architektur und Städtebau im geteilten Polen des 19. Jahrhunderts im politischen Kontext

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Zabłocka-Kos A.

Artium Quaestiones

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2016

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issue 27

29-55

PL

The essay, focusing on architecture in the nineteenth-century partitioned Poland, is an attempt to read its meanings in the context of the colonial policies of Russia, Prussia, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The analyzed material includes selected buildings and city centers of Poznań, Warsaw, and Cracow, while the problems addressed are the encoding of urban space meanings and its deciphering in the context of complex nineteenth-century Polish history.

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“A German Oak Built of Stone”. Neo-Gothic Guildhalls in Riga

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Zabłocka-Kos A.

Biuletyn Historii Sztuki

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2024

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vol. 86

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issue 4

105-128

EN

The article concerns two neo-Gothic public buildings in Riga: the restructuring of the Great Guildhall of St. Mary (Stube zu Münster, later Grosse St. Marien Gilde, Lielā ģilde, Amatu ielā 6, Karl Beyne, 1854–1860), dating from the mid-14th century, which was the seat of the city’s merchants, and the Little Guildhall of St. John (Stube zu Soest, then Kleine St. Johannisgilde, Mazā ģilde, Amatu ielā 3/5, Johann Daniel Felsko, 1864–1866) belonging to the craftsmen’s guilds. The two buildings stood next to each other, beside the city walls. The complicated history of their construction is shown against the background of the changes in the importance of the German merchant and craftsmen elites in Riga around the mid-19th century, the progressive unification of the Russian Empire, and the Russification of the Baltic provinces that began during the reign of Tsar Alexander II.

PL

„Niemiecki dąb wzniesiony z kamienia”. Neogotyckie siedziby gildii w Rydze. Artykuł poświęcony jest dwóm neogotyckim budowlom użyteczności publicznej w Rydze: przebudowie Wielkiej Gildii Mariackiej (Stube zu Münster, później Grosse St. Marien Gilde, Lielā ģilde, Amatu ielā 6, Karl Beyne, 1854–1860), pochodzącej z połowy XIV w., która była siedzibą kupców, oraz Małej Gildii św. Jana (Stube zu Soest, później Kleine St. Johannisgilde, Mazā ģilde, Amatu ielā 3/5, Johann Daniel Felsko, 1864–1866) należącej do cechów rzemieślników. Stały one obok siebie, tuż przy murach miejskich. Skomplikowane dzieje ich budowy ukazane zostały na tle przemian znaczenia niemieckich elit kupieckich i rzemieślniczych w Rydze około połowy XIX w. oraz postępującej unifikacji Imperium Rosyjskiego i rusyfikacji nadbałtyckich prowincji rozpoczętej za rządów cara Aleksandra II.

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The ‘Merchant Schism’ in Breslau: A Chris- tian-Jewish Conflict and the Construction of the Exchange Building in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century

Architektur und Städtebau im geteilten Polen des 19. Jahrhunderts im politischen Kontext

“A German Oak Built of Stone”. Neo-Gothic Guildhalls in Riga