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VYBRANÉ PROBLÉMY PRAVOSLÁVNEHO MISIONÁRSKEHO PREKLADU DO NATÍVNYCH JAZYKOV RUSKÉHO IMPÉRIA (1721-1917)

100%
Džunková K.
Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis
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2024
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vol. 23
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issue suppl.
39 – 63
EN
The article examines selected problems in the translation of religious texts (New Testament, catechisms, prayer books, confessional mirrors, and manuals on the Christian way of life) by Russian Orthodox missionaries into more than 30 native languages of the peoples of the Russian Empire, focusing particularly on printed editions, where the influence of state policy can also be observed. A notable impulse for the translation of the Holy Scripture into native languages came from the founding of the Russian Bible Society (1813-1826), which was inspired by various Protestant ideas. In the second half of the 19th century, N. I. Ilminsky developed a translation method that prioritized understanding language structure over mere fluency. When translating into Tatar, he avoided using Muslim religious vocabulary and the Arabic script. The article uses the languages of the Volga region as an example to illustrate the translation of various religious texts while also documenting missionary translations of secular texts – such as information about the outbreak of war, the coronation of a new monarch, or advice on avoiding disease or alcoholism. The final part of the article focuses on the 1881 translation of the Gospel of Matthew into Evenki, highlighting challenges in aligning the biblical text with the realities of Evenki life.
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Misionárske preklady Liturgie sv. Jána Zlatoústeho do jazykov pôvodných národov Ruského impéria

100%
Džunková K.
Studia theologica
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2024
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vol. 2
81-101
EN
The translations of the Divine Liturgy into the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Empire were created by Russian missionaries, primarily in the nineteenth century. Their objective was to prevent a mass exodus from Orthodoxy to Islam or paganism and offer the local population a more comprehensive understanding of Christianity. The article expounds on this phenomenon within the context of the ongoing debate regarding the translation of the liturgy into Russian and other languages. The article encompass the translation of sacred texts into the Komi language by St. Stephen of Perm and addresses the circumstances in the early nineteenth century when emperors issued decrees mandating the translation of the liturgy. A pivotal moment emerged with the missionary principles of the orientalist N. I. Ilminsky in Kazan, advocating for the translation of texts into the vernacular. Ilminsky proposed using solely the Cyrillic alphabet and resorting to borrowings from Church Slavonic when necessary. Slavicism within Christian terminology has been researched in liturgical texts in Abkhazian, Altaic, Buryat, Chuvash, Yakut, Karelian, Komi, Mari, Tatar, and Udmurt. The article also discusses the translation into Komi, highlighting the rivalries among translators in that context.
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