Penderecki’s a cappella works have been written over the span of over 50 years since 1958, when the psalm Exaltabo Te Domine from the Psalms of David was composed, followed by the Stabat Mater sequence from St Luke Passion (1962), the multiple movement Missa brevis, intended for a cappella choir in its entirety, being the most recent work in the series (its first performance took place in January 2013). A cappella compositions form distinct movements within the large vocal-instrumental works or they are written as independent pieces, usually dedicated to friends or connected with specific events. Even though the works came into being in different periods and they were often written in different musical languages, they do constitute a group of works which is relatively uniform from the point of view of general style. The article aims at discussing on the one hand the chronology, text sources and a type of musical language used in a cappella works, on the other the general features of style and ways of developing musical narration by the composer.
PL
Penderecki’s a cappella works have been written over the span of over 50 years since 1958, when the psalm Exaltabo Te Domine from the Psalms of David was composed, followed by the Stabat Mater sequence from St Luke Passion (1962), the multiple movement Missa brevis, intended for a cappella choir in its entirety, being the most recent work in the series (its first performance took place in January 2013). A cappella compositions form distinct movements within the large vocal-instrumental works or they are written as independent pieces, usually dedicated to friends or connected with specific events. Even though the works came into being in different periods and they were often written in different musical languages, they do constitute a group of works which is relatively uniform from the point of view of general style. The article aims at discussing on the one hand the chronology, text sources and a type of musical language used in a cappella works, on the other the general features of style and ways of developing musical narration by the composer.
In the Penderecki oeuvre, symphonic music has been pivotal, with eight symphonies written over the span of forty years, including Symphony No. 6, which remains in the sketch stage. As he admits, the sequence of symphonies constitutes a sort of musical autobiography. In the life and work of Penderecki his interests in nature and culture have long run parallel, and in both spheres the moment of creation has been particularly significant. Penderecki’s artistic work has clearly focused on two domains: composing music and moulding the nature which surrounds his Luslawice house - the space of the garden and park. The latter type of art concerns nature not in its primeval form, but rather in the shape imposed on it by man. Over the last decade, the composer’s two passions have tended to drift closer together and intertwine. During this time, he has written his Eighth Symphony (‘Lieder der Vergänglichkeit’), devoted to trees, and Three Chinese Songs, permeated by his enchantment with the beauty of nature. In his Eighth Symphony, Penderecki employs poetic and musical images to show the beauty and diversity of the forms of the surrounding world of nature, in which it is given to man to live the successive phases of his life. However, a relevant dimension of the symphony is that of looking from a distance at the fate of man - the existential reflection offered mainly by the commenting choral parts, as in ancient tragedy. What dominates is a sense of transition, the sadness of decline and the thought of the inevitability of the fate of man, who searches for a way to unravel the mystery of existence.
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