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EN
In this article was both presented characteristic of the global economical and financial crisis, as well as his influence on the effectiveness of the managing of Polish enterprises. First chapter constitutes introduction to the issue of the contemporary world-wide crisis. The chapter two, on contrary, constitutes analysis of the influence of the global financial crisis on opportunities of growth of Polish companies market value.
EN
The purpose of this paper is identification of the direction for university education models that should be adopted to provide graduates with skills that will ensure them full employability and capability to respond more flexibly to changes in the labour market. As the experience of other European countries show, university teaching must address the needs of future employers and produce graduates they wish to employ. Consequently, a new teaching model must be developed, capable of being easily adjusted to the rapidly changing economic market. A proper solution in this respect seems to be cooperation of establishments of higher education with businesses, especially when it comes to including enterprises in the process of drawing up and implementing university educational programmes. Foreign and domestic examples of effective implementation of teaching models based on cooperation with entrepreneurs presented in the paper confirm that interaction with business may be the key element of a successful university education system. In this paper, the complexity of contemporary challenges facing the European Higher Education launched along with the Bologna Process has been presented. In sections 1 and 2 this process is discussed in details, and its goals, i.e. improvement of the quality and competitiveness of European higher education is highlighted. It is also pointed out that implementation of this process means standardisation of the educational system (leading, inter alia, to full European recognition of qualifications and diplomas. In sections 3 and 4 it is claimed that because universities function in a certain economic environment, they should include in their programmes the demands and expectations of local labour markets. The need to strengthen cooperation between higher education establishments and employers has been particularly emphasised and supported with examples of such cooperation in other countries. The paper ends with a recommendation how foreign experiences and solutions may be implemented in Poland.
PL
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest wskazanie pożądanego kierunku ewolucji modelu kształcenia, który powinien zapewnić absolwentom pełną zatrudnialność i pozwolić im na bardziej elastyczne reagowanie na zmiany zachodzące na rynku pracy. Zgodnie z obserwowanymi w państwach europejskich próbami dostosowania nauczania na poziomie wyższym do potrzeb pracodawców, wskazane jest wypracowanie i wdrożenie nowego modelu nauczania, który pozwalałby na szybkie reagowanie uczelni na zmiany gospodarcze. Dobrym rozwiązaniem w tym zakresie jest otwarcie się szkół wyższych na współpracę z biznesem w zakresie aktywnego włączenia przedsiębiorstw do procesu opracowywania i realizacji programów kształcenia. Poprzez przedstawienie zagranicznych i krajowych przykładów dotyczących skutecznego wdrożenia modelu nauczania opartego na kooperacji z przedsiębiorcami pokazano, że współpraca z biznesem powinna stanowić kluczowy element systemu edukacji na poziomie wyższym. W prezentowanym artykule, wychodząc od charakterystyki złożoności Procesu Bolońskiego, przedstawiono współczesne wyzwania, przed jakimi stoi europejskie szkolnictwo wyższe. W punktach 1 i 2 szczegółowo omówiono przebieg tego procesu, ze wskazaniem, że celem jego wdrożenia jest poprawa jakości i konkurencyjności europejskiego szkolnictwa wyższego. Przy czym wskazano jednocześnie, że implementacja ta połączona jest ze standaryzacją systemu nauczania (prowadzącą m.in. do pełnej europejskiej uznawalności zdobytego wykształcenia). Punkty 3 i 4 traktują o tym, że uczelnie funkcjonują w określonym otoczeniu gospodarczym i w swojej działalności powinny uwzględniać również wymagania lokalnego rynku pracy. W punkcie 4.1 wyraźnie podkreślono potrzebę zacieśnienia współpracy szkół wyższych z pracodawcami oraz przedstawiono zagraniczne doświadczenia w tym obszarze. W punkcie 4.2 wskazano natomiast na możliwość wdrożenia w warunkach polskich omówionych zagranicznych modeli kształcenia, opartych na kooperacji uczelni ze światem biznesu.
EN
Running a business is not possible without suitable resources of financing. Determination of rational financial structure is a necessary condition for efficient operation of a company. Financial resources as well as their configuration may lead either to development or to bankruptcy of a company. Thus, the decision about financial structure is a matter of fundamental importance to subsequent operation of organization. Moreover, this decision is made by the management during continuous company's activity. Unfortunately, both the description of the very process of reaching the decision and its validation seem to be really hard to formalize and to operationalize. Despite the fact that there have been carried out analyses, the issue of managing the financial structure remains to be resolved. Above all, the difficulties reside in the process of devising a suitable and universal model which would be widely accepted, particularly in the context of Polish capital market. This paper brings up modern models for constructing the capital structure as well as models for analyzing the efficiency of managing such a structure. Polish capital market issue, given in question is also illustrated in the context of administering financial structure in the Polish companies (including the ones which went out of business on stock.
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