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1

90 years of the Polish Anthropological Society and Anthropological Review: a success story

100%
Kaczmarek M.
Anthropological Review
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2016
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vol. 79
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issue 2
97-113
2

Assessing social status effects on age of primiparity in Polish women

100%
Kaczmarek M.
Anthropological Review
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2013
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vol. 76
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issue 2
229-240
EN
The maternal first birth age is an important predictor of the size, composition and future growth of population and a wide range of birth outcomes such as birth weight, multiple births, and birth defects. This paper aims to test the hypothesis that age of mothers at first childbirth depends on their socio-economic status and lifestyle behaviour. The examined sample emanated from the WOMID national cross-sectional survey on middle-aged women’s health and life quality in 2000-2004, and it consisted of 1,924 parous women born between 1953 and 1969 and aged 35-45 years at the time of examination. Social status was defined by place of residence, educational attainment, employment status, financial strain, and lifestyle behaviour by physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, weight status and self-reported health status. The association of age at first childbirth with social status characteristics was adjusted to marital status and use of oral contraceptives (OCU). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was used to cluster studied variables. Predictive factors for first childbirth timing were determined by a factorial design with the multi- way ANOVA and their interactions. The odds ratios of the factors associated with later maternal age at first childbirth were evaluated through multiple logistic regressions with backward elimination. Statistics for this analysis were performed using STATISTICA software, Version 10.0 (StatSoft Polska). It was found that large city residents with higher educational levels, currently employed and without financial strain, non-smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol, participating in physical exercises and maintaining proper weight and oral contraceptive users were more likely to delay their first childbirth over the median age of 23 years, than their counterparts. The most important predictors of the maternal first birth age were: educational attainment (F=19.8; p<0.001), place of residence (F=4.2 p<0.021), employment status (F=3.7; p=0.026), tobacco use (F=5.0; p=0.007), and use of oral contraceptives (F=3.6; p=0.033),. They explained 15% of the total variance in the maternal first birth age. The probability of delivering first child at more advanced age was almost two times higher for large-city residents than for rural counterparts (OR=1.58); five times higher for women with better educational qualifications as compared to primarily educated peers (OR=5.24). Currently employed women were 1.5 times more likely to be primiparous at more advanced age than the unemployed counterparts (OR=1.5). Current smokers were 1.3 times less likely than their never smoked peers to deliver a child at older age (OR=0.75). The OC users were 1.5 times more likely for delaying childbirth than never OCU counterparts. The study have revealed key sets of social predictor variables for maternal first birth age. They include: place of residence, educational attainment and employment status, use of oral contraceptives and smoking habit. Women’s education appears to be the most predictive factor for entering the motherhood.
3

On the doorstep to senility: physical changes, health status and well-being in midlife

100%
Kaczmarek M.
Anthropological Review
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2015
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vol. 78
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issue 3
269-287
EN
The movement of the baby boomers into the middle ages made the 45-65 age cohort the largest and the fastest growing segment of population in the first decade of the 21st century. This demographic expansion will have multiple consequences for ageing society. This paper aimed to provide an overview on biology of midlife transition. Physical characteristics, midlife-specific morbidity and mortality were described with focus to sexual dimorphism in physique and gender gap in mortality and morbidity. These characteristics made midlife a separate and unique stage of life. In-depth knowledge of this life stage may be useful in identifying and solving problems of ageing individuals and population.
4
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Variation in biological status among Polish males and underlying socio-economic factors

63%
Kaczmarek M., Skrzypczak M.
Anthropological Review
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2008
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vol. 71
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issue 1
17-32
EN
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the socio-economic and lifestyle factors associated with biological status of Polish men. Data were collected during a cross-sectional survey carried out in Poznań and several localities in Western Poland, between 2000 and 2002. The sample consisted of 2509 men ranging from 30 to 90 years of age. Biological status was expressed in terms of functional-biological age (BA) computed as a composite z-score of 11 biomarkers according to the method proposed by Borkan and Norris [1980a], and physiological reserve index (PR) developed by Goffauxet al.[2005]. The average biological age profiles (BAP) were compared in several subgroups of participants. The subgroups were categorized based on demographic, socio-economic and lifestyle characteristics. It was found that values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, physical and emotional aging indicators and perceived satisfaction with life were significantly associated with most of the study factors, except for smoking habit and education level. The multivariate logistic regression models revealed that two factors, financial situation and physical activity, were significantly associated with the physiological reserve index estimation. The study confirmed the role of the socio-economic and lifestyle factors likely to play in men's biological status and aging rates.
PL
Celem pracy była ocena wybranych czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych oraz elementów stylu życia wywierających wpływ na stan biologiczny mężczyzn. Badaną grupę stanowiło 2509 mężczyzn w wieku od 30 do 90 lat, pochodzących z różnych warstw społeczno-ekonomicznych. Badania, przeprowadzone w latach 2000-2002 na terenie Poznania oraz zachodniej Polski, miały charakter przekrojowy. Stan biologiczny określano posługując się koncepcją wieku biologicznego zaproponowaną przez Borkana i Norrisa [1980a] oraz metodą wyznaczania wskaźnika rezerwy fizjologicznej (PR) opracowaną przez Goffauxet al. [2005] (ryc. 1). Wiek biologiczny określano na podstawie 11 biomarkerów obejmujących pomiary antropometryczne, charakterystyki układu krążenia i biochemiczne, jakość życia oraz emocjonalne i fizyczne objawy towarzyszące starzeniu się mężczyzn (ryc. 2). Posługując się formułą [(wartość obserwowana - mediana)/odległość kwartylowa], uzyskiwano wartości z, które przypisywano do kategorii wieku biologicznego: młodszy (ujemne wartości) i starszy (dodatnie wartości) od przeciętnego. Następnie wykreślano profile wieku biologicznego, odrębnie w grupie mężczyzn młodszych (mniej niż 50 lat) oraz starszych (50 lat i więcej), kategoryzowanych w zależności od czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych oraz określających styl życia. Wartość wskaźnika PR uzyskano sumując wszystkie wartości z dla każdego osobnika.Charakterystykę próby przedstawiono w tabeli 1. Wykazano, że mężczyźni chronologicznie młodsi byli również biologicznie młodsi w porównaniu z mężczyznami chronologicznie starszymi (ryc. 3). Stwierdzono, że w obu grupach wieku parametrami najczęściej istotnie różniącymi się pomiędzy grupami o odmiennym statusie społecznym oraz stylu życia były parametry określające ciśnienie krwi, BMI, fizyczne i emocjonalne objawy towarzyszące starzeniu się oraz jakość życia. Poziom wykształcenia oraz palenie papierosów najsłabiej różnicowały wiek biologiczny mężczyzn w obu grupach wieku (tab. 2). Na ryc. 4 przedstawiono profile wieku biologicznego wyznaczone dla mężczyzn kategoryzowanych w zależności od stanu cywilnego, poziomu wykształcenia, miejsca zamieszkania, sytuacji finansowej, aktywności fizycznej oraz palenia papierosów. Analiza regresji logistycznej wykazała, że sytuacja finansowa oraz aktywność fizyczna, były istotnie powiązane z wskaźnikiem rezerwy fizjologicznej PR, kompleksowo oceniającym wiek biologiczny badanych mężczyzn (tab. 3). Wyniki uzyskane w pracy potwierdzają wpływ czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych oraz stylu życia na zróżnicowanie stanu biologicznego oraz wskaźników starzenia się mężczyzn.
5
Content available remote

Możliwości wykorzystania zasad systemu HACCP w procesie doskonalenia jakości kształcenia w średnich szkołach rolniczych

63%
Kaczmarek M., Wrześniewski W.
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
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2014
|
issue 3(33)
37-50
EN
The paper presents theoretical issues concerning the possibilities of application of the HACCP system rules in the process of improving the quality of education in secondary schools. The carried out analysis show that it is possible to apply the HACCP system rules in secondary schools. Implementation of the HACCP system rules in schools can be beneficial in four areas: economically-financial, organisational, educational and social. Moreover, the education security would increase, the intellectual loss and failure of students would be diminished and on the educational market an increase of competitiveness and trust to school and its graduates would be observed.
PL
W pracy zaprezentowano teoretyczne rozważania dotyczące możliwości wykorzystania zasad systemu HACCP w procesie doskonalenia jakości kształcenia w szkołach ponadpodstawowych. Analizy wykazały, że zastosowanie zasad systemu HACCP w procesie kształcenia w szkołach jest możliwe. Wdrażając zasady systemu HACCP w szkole możemy uzyskać korzyści w czterech płaszczyznach: ekonomiczno-finansowej, organizacyjnej, edukacyjnej i społecznej. Ponadto zwiększyłoby się bezpieczeństwo kształcenia, ograniczone zostałyby niepowodzenia i straty intelektualne uczniów, a także nastąpiłby wzrost konkurencyjności i zaufania od szkoły i jej absolwentów na rynku edukacyjnym.
6

Perceived health status among middle-aged Polish people in relation to selected demographic and social factors

63%
Kaczmarek M., Skrzypczak M.
Anthropological Review
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2012
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vol. 75
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issue 2
93-105
EN
Self-rated health is an important measure of health status and outcomes and plays a significant role in the quality of life. The main purpose of the study was to estimate selected demographic and socio-economic factors associated with perceived health status among middle-aged Polish people. The sample being studied consisted of 5,776 women and 2,191 men aged 35-65 years, participants of two nation-wide cross-sectional surveys: the survey on middle-aged women’s health and quality of life (WOMID) and the survey on men’s health and quality of life, both conducted in 2000-2004. Participants were administered a gender-specific questionnaire on demographic, socio-economic status, lifestyle behaviours and self-rated health. The subjectively evaluated health status was then correlated with sex, age, marital status, place of residence, education level, financial situation, types of leisure time and the tobacco use. Data were processed using uni- and multivariate statistical procedures including the logistic regression models LOGITs and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). It was found that the perceived health status was associated with women’s and men’s age, and in women with their menopausal status. Women were likely to evaluate their health significantly worse than men. It was found that marital status, educational attainment and financial well-off were the factors significantly associated with perceived health status in both women and men. In concluding remarks it should be stated that the health perception of women and men in mid-life is significantly related to their socio-economic status.
7

Percentile distribution of blood pressure readings in relation to body mass index: a populationbased cross-sectional study ADOPOLNOR

45%
Krzyżaniak A., Stawińska-Witoszyńska B., Kaczmarek M., Krzywińska-Wiewiorowska M., Siwińska A.
Anthropological Review
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2015
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vol. 78
|
issue 1
91-106
EN
Recent upward trends toward elevated blood pressure and increased weight expressed in terms of body mass index in children and adolescents call for regular monitoring of their physical growth and age-related changes in blood pressure. This requires adequate tools - reference values of a normal blood pressure range. The main objective of this study was to provide sex- and BMI-specific percentile reference values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure based on the adolescent Polish population, participants in the ADOPOLNOR study. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a representative, randomly selected cohort of 4,941; 2,451 male and 2,490 female students aged 10-18 years, residents in Wielkopolska province and its capital, the city of Poznań. All examinations were performed in school nursery rooms during morning hours according to standard procedures. Body height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Blood pressure was measured twice on each occasion on the right arm using a fully calibrated TECH MED TM-Z mercury gauge sphygmomanometer with sets of exchangeable cuffs and a clinical stethoscope. The blood pressure classification was determined using the surveillance method. For each participant, the mean of measurements taken on each of the three occasions was calculated and served as his/her final blood pressure value. Using the LMS method, fitted percentile curves were created for BMI-related systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The findings revealed that age related blood pressure pattern was similar in boys and girls. It showed a steady increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with age. There was a positive correlation between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure indicating that when systolic blood pressure increased so diastolic did (r=0.61 at p<0.01). Boys were likely to have relatively higher mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and steeper slope for BMI-related change in blood pressure than girls. Similar pattern was found for age-related changes in BMI. The quotation of 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 90th, 95th, and 97th at any given BMI between 12 kg/m2 and 35 kg/m2 provided indication of the entire variation in blood pressure of adolescent males and females aged 10-18 years. The sex- and BMI-specific reference values and charts for systolic and diastolic blood pressure may be a useful tool in monitoring blood pressure for early detection of its abnormal level and treatment of children and adolescents with high blood pressure.
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