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Agorists and Natural Elite. Two Leadership Concepts for Libertarian Change

100%

Chmielowski M.

Konteksty Społeczne

2014

vol. 2

issue 1

The article aims to describe two dissimilar concepts within anarcho-capitalism - a separate type of libertarianism postulating the privatization of all public property. These two are anarcho-conservatism and agorism. In this paper, each is presented based on the writings of theirfounding fathers - Edward Konkin III (agorism) and Hans-Hermann Hoppe (anarcho-conservatism). Both Konkin and Hoppe begun with similar premises, and both have studied under the economist and philosopher Murray N. Rothbard, but they propose different visions of libertarian order. Agorism espouses egalitarianism and permissivism, while anarcho-conservatism is hierarchical, anti-egalitarian and socially conservative. The agents of both these notions that would lead the process of their implementation are also described differently. An agorist is meant to be an entrepreneur active on the black or grey market, whereas Hoppe's leader is a member of the natural elite that shows his community the way through the recognition of natural law and unmasking of the state as the enemy. This interesting dichotomy could allow one toformulate the thesis that there exists both "left-wing" and "right-wing" libertarianism. This would constitute another division with which to classify these two types of one radically liberal approach to social reality.

Artykuł ma na celu pokazanie dwóch różnych koncepcji funkcjonujących w obrębie anarchokapitalizmu, konsekwentnej odmiany libertarianizmu zakładającej prywatyzację wszystkich dóbr publicznych. Są nimi agoryzm i anarchokonserwatyzm, każdy z nich ukazany przez pryzmat tekstów programowych swoich twórców, odpowiednio Samuela Edwarda Konkina III i Hansa-Hermanna Hoppego. Obaj wychodząc z podobnych przesłanek, a nawet będąc uczniami tego samego ekonomisty i filozofa, Murraya N. Rothbarda, konstruują zupełnie odmienne wizje libertariańskiego ładu. Jedna z nich, agorystyczna, oparta jest o dalece posunięty egalitaryzm i permisywizm, druga zaś, anarchokonserwatywna, jest hierarchiczna, antyegalitarystyczna, obyczajowo konserwatywna. Agenci zmian mających prowadzić urzeczywistnienia tych wizji również są opisywani zupełnie odmiennie. Agorysta to praktykujący przedsiębiorca działający na czarnym lub szarym rynku, a hoppeański lider to przedstawiciel naturalnej elity rozpoznający prawo naturalne i de maskując państwo jako wroga, jest drogowskazem dla swojej społeczności. Ten ciekawy rozdźwięk może być przyczynkiem to postawienia tezy o istnieniu podziału na „lewoskrętny" i „prawoskrętny" libertarianizm, będący kolejnym podziałem, według którego można klasyfikować różne odmiany tego radykalnie liberalnego sposobu myślenia o rzeczywistości społecznej.

Liberals Among Us: Socio-Demographic Determinants of Liberal Attitudes in Poland

51%

Marzęcki R., Chmielowski M., Kaleta K.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

2024

issue 2(53)

111-135

The authors of this article attempt to describe in detail the determinants and structure of the beliefs and views of Polish society on a liberal to anti-liberal values continuum. The first research objective was to determine the extent of social and economic freedom that respondents expect in their relations with others and in their relations with state institutions. In addition, the authors wanted to identify the socio-demographic characteristics that significantly differentiate these liberal orientations, as well as the factors that independently determine the adoption of liberal views. The detailed hypotheses were verified based on an analysis of data collected in a nationwide telephone survey (CATI) conducted on a representative sample of 1,000 adult Polish citizens. The survey used an original questionnaire consisting of 31 quantitative scales, which were used to construct the Liberalism/Libertarianism Index (LLI) and to categorize respondents into “Polish Liberals” and “Polish Libertarians.” Higher index values indicate stronger and more consistent liberal attitudes in economic as well as axiological (social) terms. More liberal orientations were found to be held by respondents declaring higher incomes, younger, better educated, and less religious, although only age, some party preferences, and religious practices act as independent predictors of LLI.

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1 Konteksty Społeczne

1 Polish Political Science Yearbook

2 Chmielowski M.

1 Kaleta K.

1 Marzęcki R.

1 2024

1 2014

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Agorists and Natural Elite. Two Leadership Concepts for Libertarian Change

Liberals Among Us: Socio-Demographic Determinants of Liberal Attitudes in Poland