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EN
The phenomenon of street children in Poland is not widely discussed in scholarly publications, and the research into the causes of the problem has a marginal place in the subject literature. The presentation of the results of our analysis focuses on four factors: family structure, socio-psychological bonds, deviant behaviours, poverty and unemployment. This article seeks to analyse the immediate reasons for children leaving for the streets as indicated by street workers – the research participants. We would like to answer the question as to whether in the process of becoming a street child in Poland there exist some familyspecific predictors which could not be found in maladjusted children and adolescents who are not described as street children. In order to achieve this aim, we have first defined the concept of street children in the context of family dysfunction, as it is accepted in the subject literature.
PL
This article addresses the issue of the competence of counsellors working with people experiencing sexual violence. The theoretical part of the article describes the basic concepts related to institutional (professional) counselling and describes a professional counsellor and his/her competences in a descriptive way. The subject of the research includes the competences of counsellors in the field of working with people who have experienced sexual violence. The purpose of the study was determining and describing their competences – both organizational and professional ones – from the perspective of the experience of individual listeners preparing for counselling work. The study uses a narrative method with content analysis. The research problem took the form of the following question: what are the competences of a counsellor in accompanying a sexually abused person from the perspective of the personal experience of future counsellors? The research was conducted in 2019 among 23 postgraduate students preparing for counselling work. The results made it possible to select subcategories within the examined categories that show the specificity and value of the competences described by the respondents, and allowed us to emphasize the importance of the interdisciplinary knowledge and skills of counsellors. In addition, the conclusions of the study are valuable for pedagogical practice, especially in terms of enriching the offer of studies addressed to counsellors working with people who have experienced sexual violence.
EN
The existence of street children is a result of structural and cultural changes related to postmodernity. It can be identified as a disadvantageous state within the society in which it occurs, and is perceived as an undesirable, threatening, dangerous problem, which must be reduced or eradicated. Africa is the third continent, after South America and Asia, with the highest number of children and youth spending time or living in the streets in conditions violating the dignity of a human person. Different social and church institutions are involved in the process of resocialization and social re-adaptation of street children. A group which acts very actively in this field are the Salesians. Because of this, in this article we focus on their great involvement, and pay tribute to their oftentimes heroic work, which in line with St. John Bosco's educational system aims at looking for good in all street children. The aim of our article is to show pedagogical activity of Salesians in the chosen countries of Africa, through different programmes and projects in local environments developed for the good of street children. The activity is performed in two ways: directly on the street (streetworking method), and in centres built specially for street children and youths.
PL
Zjawisko dzieci ulicy na świecie jest skutkiem zmian strukturalnych i kulturowych związanych z ponowoczesnością. Tym samym oznacza niekorzystny stan dla społeczności, w jakich występuje, i jest oceniany jako niepożądany, zagrażający, niebezpieczny i konieczny do zminimalizowania lub wyeliminowania problem. Afryka jest trzecim kontynentem, po Ameryce Południowej i Azji, co do skali występowania problemu dzieci i młodzieży przebywających na ulicy lub żyjących tam w warunkach uwłaczających godności osoby. Różne podmioty społeczne i kościelne włączają się w proces resocjalizacji i readaptacji społecznej dzieci ulicy. Prężnie działającym podmiotem są salezjanie. Dlatego w naszym artykule pochylamy się nad wielkim zaangażowaniem na tym polu salezjanów, a tym samym składamy im hołd za często heroiczną pracę, która w myśl pedagogii św. Jana Bosko polega na szukaniu dobra w dzieciach ulicy. Celem naszego artykułu jest ukazanie działalności pedagogicznej salezjanów w wybranych krajach Afryki, którzy realizują liczne programy i projekty w środowisku lokalnym na rzecz dzieci ulicy. Ich działalność przebiega dwutorowo: bezpośrednio na ulicy (metoda streetworking) i w ośrodkach specjalnie wybudowanych dla dzieci i młodzieży z ulicy.
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