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EN
The paper is dealing with the constitutional and historical importance of Act I. of 1946. In 1946 Hungary has changed its form of government. The passage of Act I of 1946 has defined Hungary’s form of government as a republic. In addition to the creation of a republic, the legislation provided powers for the president of the Hungarian Republic. Moreover, the Preamble of Act I. of 1946 was the first document in the Hungarian constitutional history which summarized and declared the most important natural and inalienable rights of the citizens.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy konstytucyjnego i historycznego znaczenia Ustawy no. I z 1946 r. W 1946 r. Węgry dokonały zmiany formy rządu. Przepisy ustawy no. I z 1946 r. określiły węgierską formę rządu jako republikę. Oprócz utworzenia republiki ustawa przyznała władzę prezydentowi Republiki Węgierskiej. Ponadto preambuła ustawy no. I z 1946 r. była pierwszym dokumentem w węgierskiej historii konstytucyjnej, podsumowującym i deklarującym najważniejsze naturalne i niezbywalne prawa obywateli.
EN
In this paper, I’d like to provide an overview of the presidents of the Hungarian Royal Administrative Court (Magyar Királyi Közigazgatási Bíróság) which operated in Budapest between 1897 and 1949. I wish to present the legal status, the political and social prestige and the scholarly background of the presidents of that court. In the opening, however, I will outline the organisation, the scope of authority and the operation of the Administrative Court.
PL
Niniejsze opracowanie prezentuje sylwetki przewodniczących Węgierskiego Królewskiego Sądu Administracyjnego (Magyar Királyi Közigazgatási Bíróság), który mieścił się w Budapeszcie w latach 1897–1949. Została w nim także dokonana analiza stanu prawnego oraz tła politycznego i ówczesnych stosunków społecznych, a także uwzględnione aspekty naukowe związane z przewodniczącymi tego sądu. W ramach zagadnień wstępnych w artykule zostały w zarysie przedstawione organizacja, kompetencje i zasady funkcjonowania Sądu Administracyjnego.
EN
Elections were a stable part of Hungarian political culture even before the eventful year of 1848. As such they were reflected in individual national literatures written in Hungary – especially in the Hungarian and Slovak ones. The novel by Ján Kalinčiak (1822 – 1871) Reštavrácia ([County elections], 1860) was thus not the only literary text that portrayed these events. In 1842, the popular Hungarian playwright Ignác Nagy (1810 – 1854) published a comedy under the same title. The novel by Ján Kalinčiak, despite the fact that it was published later, is much less political in its nature than Nagy’s play which in the context of county elections addressed such issues as the emancipation of women, the rights of Jews and the elimination of the political monopoly and tax advantages enjoyed by the gentry. Kalinčiak was primarily concerned with portraying a familial dispute between two gentry families in a fictitious county in northern Hungary. The dispute was resolved harmoniously and the national issues were addressed only marginally. Nevertheless, the novel and the play still have a lot in common. Besides the described social environment and the character of the main plot, these concern the frequent use of Latin expressions and dated language in general, the relatively realistic description of the events, frequent humorous motives, and the fact that the ending bears features of Biedermeier style.
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