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One of the most outstanding Polish historians, Gerard Labuda (1916-2010) was connected with the University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań and the Polish Academy of Sciences for many years. The article presents his scholarly profile and provides an overview of the fields of his research and activities for science.
EN
The article refers to the religious and cultural turning point that took place in the Piast state due to the act of accepting Christianity by the prince Mieszko I (who died in 992) in 966. These issues are presented from the view-point of a controversial interpretation regarding the source foundation and literature, number of which has increased over the decades. The baptism of the historically first Polish ruler was preceded by his marriage with the Czech princess Dobrava (who died in 977), which resulted in the alliance with the Přemyslid monarchy and in the growing connections with Germany along with the conflicts with the Veleti. The consequence of the 966 year’s events was the initiating of the Christianization processes in the whole state of the Piasts and its gradual accessing to the circle of Latin culture. In effect, the grounds for the institutional Church were formed, and the Polish aspirations for being a member of Western culture, which have lasted for all the centuries, were established.
EN
The paper addresses the issue of the origins of the town of Poznań founded in mid-13th century under German law. The birth of the charter town on the left bank of the Warta river is illustrated first and foremost by sources: documents from the mid-13th century, particularly a location charter of 1253, and narrative sources, e.g. The Wielkopolska Chronicle and yearly records written in Wielkopolska. The town was the work of Przemysł I, the duke of Wielkopolska, who sorted out property issues on the left bank of the Warta, made grants and granted privileges, erected his new castle next to the new town, and together with his brother Bolesław issued a location charter in 1253. The duke’s action resulted in the rise of one of the most important urban centers in medieval Poland.
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W poszukiwaniu Piastów

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The origin of the Piast dynasty is a matter of lively discussions and disputes. At least a few controversial hypotheses exist, but their credibility is difficult to assess due to the scarcity of written as well as material sources, especially from the time of Polish state formation. Life sciences, however, can support history and archeology. Application of genetic tests, used earlier mainly in forensic laboratories, enabled identification of the remains of King Richard III, the Romanov dynasty members and Nicolaus Copernicus. Contemporary DNA studies, based on next generation DNA sequencing, outreach the narrow area of known markers such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and selected regions of Y chromosome. Although ancient DNA (aDNA), extracted from remains, is usually highly degraded and contaminated with genetic material of microorganisms, there are methods which allow for the analysis of such material and retrieval of information about origin, kinship and some phenotypic features of an individual. Genetic studies of the Piast dynasty, a subject of our research project, have to deal with numerous difficulties. In or der to gain access to bone samples, we need to meet a number of formal requirements. Moreover, despite the existence of available abundant documentation on the Piast burials, the actual situation is not always consistent with the written sources. Our first experiences show how difficult it is to localize the remains, identify them and extract DNA of sufficient quality.
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