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Cross-Cultural Representations of Tyranny as Depicted in Jesuit School Plays Performed in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

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Calma C.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2017
|
issue 51
41-53
EN
Deeply influenced by Ciceronian and Aristotelian political doctrines on the ‘republic’, political thinkers in the decades of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth addressed the issues of the ‘nature or health of the commonwealth, the nature of mixed government, the notion of just war, the limits of monarchy i.e. the despot versus tyrant’. These debates were immortalized in an abundance of political writings on the limits and power, the nature of good government and the importance of civic virtue and civic liberties, which sought to approach these issues in practical terms with respect to the republic or commonwealth as one ‘political community’. It is in this backdrop of rich political debate on the nature of the Commonwealth, that the Jesuits who first came to Poland in 1565, introduced a schooling system based in Christian humanism and which educated in civic virtues. Jesuit theatre played a crucial role in the education of young men, many of whom would later become distinguished statesmen and churchmen in the country. This paper will provide an analysis of chosen Jesuit school playbills that exploit the motif of the monarch-tyrant as represented in Jesuit plays that of Chinese or Japanese motifs. The assumption is that the very choice and rendition of topic provides and reveals the early modern Poland-Lithuania sentiments and reflections on the limits of power and right to individual freedoms. By doing so, this paper hopes also to elucidate why this topic so appealed to the minds and audiences of Early Modern Jesuit School and explain the significance of the chosen playbills school theatre understood within its culture-specific historical context.
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Piotr Skarga tłumaczem nowoczesnym? Polski i angielski przekład Rationes decem Edmunda Campiona — próba porównania

100%
Calma C., Wyższa Szkoła Europejska im. ks. Józefa Tischnera K.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2013
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vol. 21
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issue 3
EN
The article discusses preliminary results of a comparative analysis of two translations of Edmund Campion’s (1540–1581) Rationes decem. One being the Polish translation entitled Dziesięć wywodów by Piotr Skarga (Wilno, 1584) and the other being the English translation of an unknown translator (Rouen 1632). The article begins with a brief historical outline of the genesis of Campion’s work and compares the two translations in the light of the “translator’s invisibility” theory formulated by Lawrence Venuti. Selected passages from both translations are then analyzed in accordance with Edward Balcerzan’s typology of textual transformations in translation. Skarga’s translation, in comparison with the later English translation, seems to be closer to the original text. The most common type of transformation applied in the Polish text is inversion and complementation (adiectio), whilst in the English translation predominant translation strategies are substitution and complementation. Skarga as the ‘invisible’ translator faithfully renders the original text, and his editorial decisions encourage the reader to become an independent reader. The article presents preliminary results of a research project on the study of subversive publications in sixteenth-century England and their reception in the Republic of Poland-Lithuania. The Project is funded by the Polish National Science Centre.
3
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Sixteenth Century Rare Books on and by English Recusants in the Libraries of Kraków.

100%
Calma C.
Kultura i Polityka
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2011
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issue 10
154-162
EN
In the years 1581 – 1603, the Elizabethan government imposed strict rules of printing censorship by controlling the printing industry and circulation of books written by English Recusants, hence not in consonance with the political views of the government in power. Printing and circulation of these books was made possible in other countries and still available in libraries in Kraków, thanks to eighteenth and nineteenth century Polish bibliophiles. This article attempts at providing a survey of the rare books available in Kraków by describing the provenance of selected sixteenth century books. Thanks to the presence of these books in Kraków’s libraries we are able therefore to reconstruct and complete this missing chapter in the history of sixteenth century Elizabethan book publication and circulation.
PL
W latach 1581 – 1603, rząd Królowej Elżbiety I wprowadził surową cenzurę nad działalnością drukarską, kontrolując nie tylko całe przedsiębiorstwo drukarskie, ale również obieg druków, ograniczając w ten sposób druki niezgodne z panującą polityką rządzącego. Natomiast druk i obieg książek zakazanych w Anglii był możliwy w innych państwach, jak i w dawnej Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, a wymownym dowodem na to jest fakt, że książki do dziś są dostępne w bibliotekach krakowskich, dzięki osiemnastowiecznym i dziewiętnastowiecznym bibliofilom. Artykuł ten próbuje opisać starodruki angielskich rekuzantów znajdujących się w różnych krakowskich bibliotekach poprzez opisywanie proweniencji wybranych starodruków. Dzięki istnieniu tych książek, można dzisiaj zrekonstruować oraz uzupełnić ten brakujący rozdział w historii drukarstwa i obiegu książek w szesnastowiecznej Anglii.
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