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Stan badań nad życiem i działalnością Wojciecha Łukaszewskiego (1936-1978)

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Łukaszewski M. T.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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2013
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vol. 34
351-365
EN
The literature about composer Wojciech Łukaszewski includes two books, nine scholarly articles, five theses, over 80 newspaper articles and web pages. The book by M. Łukaszewski (ed. WSP, Częstochowa 1997) contains a description of the life history and memories of W. Łukaszewski as well as a thematic catalogue of Łukaszewski’s works. The book Musical Interludes is the first, complete edition of the collected journalistic work of Łukaszewski, which covers 126 reviews and 7 interviews. So far, nine scientific articles about Łukaszewski have appeared in scholarly journals in Częstochowa, Katowice, Bydgoszcz and Warsaw. Bibliographic entries about Łukaszewski are inscribed in: Musical Encyclopedia of PWM, the dictionary Polish Composers between 1918-2000, Lexicon of Polish Music Teachers, International Who’s Who in Music and Musicians and others. A list of literature about the composer can be found at a webpage dedicated to him: www.lukaszewski.waw.pl
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Wprowadzenie w problematykę techniki gry i środków techniki kompozytorskiej w etiudach fortepianowych kompozytorów polskich w latach 1916-2006

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Łukaszewski M. T.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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2010
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vol. 27
233-247
EN
The article covers the years 1916 to 2006, i.e. from Karol Szymanowski’s Twelve Etudes Op. 33 (1916) to Krzysztof Baculewski’s Twelve Etudes (2006). During the period under examination piano etudes were written by many Polish composers. Those by Szymanowski, Witold Lutosławski, Andrzej Panufnik, Grażyna Bacewicz and Bolesław Woytowicz are considered to be most representative. In the twentieth century and at the beginning of the twenty first century, the etude has not been an anachronic genre, as evidenced by the constant flow of new works penned by composers. These include both works in which the organization of the musical material draws on tradition and those which explore the techniques of twentieth century-music. The neo-classical trend exerted a far-reaching influence on the character and stylistic features of Polish piano etudes of the first half of the twentieth century. Works by Lutosławski, Bacewicz, Woytowicz, Szeligowski, and to some extent by Panufnik can serve as examples. The etudes by Lutosławski and Bacewicz are beyond doubt of the most outstanding artistic merit. They are part of the concert repertoire and are among the most frequently performed Polish 20th-century etudes. The etudes of Norbert Mateusz Kuźnik, Andrzej Hundziak and Franciszek Woźniak employ the techniques typical of new music, such as a new type of notation, and therefore belong to the avantgarde and post-avantgarde group. Post-modernist Two Etudes by Paweł Szymański also belongs to this group. The work is a good example of ‘sur-conventionality’, a style that is characteristic of Szymański’s music. The etudes by Polish composers, particularly contemporary ones, are used all too rarely as instruction pieces in Polish music schools. They are also rarely included in recital programmes. The reasons should be looked for in the lack of adequate preparation of both the students and teachers, as well as in an insufficient knowledge and understanding of 20th-century music. All this results in a reluctance to explore this part of the Polish musical heritage.
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Działalność kompozytorska, naukowa i pedagogiczna Alicji Gronau w świetle biografii kompozytorki

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Łukaszewski M. T.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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2012
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vol. 32
253-266
EN
‘High-calibre artists who are women’ – was the motto of an exhibition ‘Polish women composers 1816-1939’, which was held in Katowice in 2003. In the nineteenth century, professional composers were almost all men. Only a handful of women earned a reputation for accomplishments that went beyond amateur music-making. In the twentieth century, women made their presence felt in various forms of artistic activity, including music. Grażyna Bacewicz (1909-1969) is regarded as the patron of Polish women composers of the last century. She achieved worldwide reputation and ranks among the most outstanding 20th-century Polish composers, alongside Karol Szymanowski, Witold Lutosławski and Krzysztof Penderecki. Alicja Gronau, born in 1957, belongs to the most interesting Polish women composers. She began her musical education in 1971 in one of Warsaw’s secondary music schools, attending eurhythmics classes with Barbara Turska and studying piano improvisation with Szabolcs Esztényi, a Hungarian pianist and composer domiciled in Poland. It was thanks to Esztényi that improvisation charted the development of her career. Having graduated from secondary school, Gronau enrolled at the Fryderyk Chopin Music Academy in Warsaw, where she gained two diplomas: in music theory (the class of Witold Rudziński) and subsequently in composition (under the guidance of Marian Borkowski). During her studies, she worked closely at the Experimental Eurhythmics Workshop at her Alma Mater. She participated in the Workshop’s study visit to Hungary, the 14th Congress of the International Society for Music Education in Warsaw and in the eurhythmics courses organized by the E. Jaques-Dalcroze Institute in Geneva and Zakopane (Poland). Gronau stresses that eurhythmics and improvisation played a highly important role in the development of her compositional workshop. Gronau’s first composition, written during her studies with Marian Borkowski, was Przenikanie (Penetration) for solo clarinet (1981). It was followed by Mironczarnie I for a cappella vocal septet (1982), Gioco per voci e batteria (1982), Open for clarinet, viola and horn (1983), Flowing for orchestra (1984), String Quartet No. 1 (1984) and Versioni for 24 performers (1984). In these works, she employed a wide range of techniques. She developed her skills at numerous master courses, including those in Kazimierz Dolny-on-the-Vistula. She is a prizewinner of many composers’ competitions, as well as grants and state distinctions (see – the final fragment of the Polish version of the article). Her creative interests proceeded from a freely-elaborated dodecaphony to controlled aleatory and a search for her own, individual musical idiom. One of her latest major compositions is Poemat – Requiem for orchestra. Her entire output includes several dozen compositions for various performance forces and of diverse stylistic and expressive features. (see the list of compositions at the end of the Polish version of the article). Gronau has also developed a teaching career. She joined the faculty of the Fryderyk Chopin Music Academy (now the Fryderyk Chopin Music University) in 1983. She gained a doctor’s degree in 1997 and became an assistant professor in music composition in 2007. She also worked closely with the Universities in Warsaw and Zielona Góra, as well as with universities in Romania and Chile. At her Alma Mater, she is Head of postgraduate studies in music theory and composition, and of doctoral studies. She also organizes academic sessions and concerts in the ‘composer portrait’ series. In her research, she concentrates on her own compositional method (see the list of publications in the Polish version of the article), the problems of eurhythmics and the theory of rhythm, musical graphics and the analysis of works by other composers (e.g. Marian Borkowski, Jani Christou, Piotr Perkowski, Witold Rudziński, Kazimierz Sikorski). She has several books and numerous articles in Polish and foreign periodicals to her credit.
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Twórczość fortepianowa Mariana Sawy

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Łukaszewski M. T.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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2011
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vol. 29
317-335
EN
Marian Sawa (1937-2005), composer, organist, improviser and pedagogue, owes his reputation primarily to his prolific organ output (over 200 works for organ solo, including five concertos), choral music (several dozen compositions) and vocal-instrumental sacred music. Pride of place goes to Droga Krzyżowa (The Way of the Cross), Missa claromontana and works for organ: Witraże (Stained-glass), Ecce lignum crucis and Hymnus in honorem sancti Petri et Pauli. Works for piano are modest in number, less known and rather rarely performed but they are hardly of a marginal character. Marian Sawa’s piano output comprises a dozen or so pieces of diverse genres and styles. The earliest compositions, dating from Sawa’s studies at the State Higher School of Music in Warsaw, include Four Etudes, a cycle of Variations and the Prelude and Fugue, all in the neo-Classical style (1966-67). In the etudes the composer explored several problems, such as the technique of double stops and octaves. The later Toccata (1970) and Stylized Prelude (1975) are, by and large, the continuation of the same style. In the Toccata one can notice the genre’s characteristic features including the motoric drive, a sense of mobility and the repetitiveness of notes (similar effects can be found in toccatas by such composers as Bolesław Woytowicz and Sławomir Czarnecki). Sawa’s most interesting piano works date from the 1980s and 1990s, Scherzino (1983) and Four Mazurkas (1993/94) being the most frequently-performed pieces. Sawa’s output also includes compositions which draw freely on the sonata form: Sonatę Ha-Fis (Sonata B-Fsharp) for keyboard instruments (1995, the title refers to the two opening notes), Sonatina for harpsichord, piano or organ (1995) and arrangements of Polish Christmas carols. One of Sawa’s most spectacular pieces is the Fugue-Bolero for two pianos (1996), which is an arrangement of his earlier, highly popular version for organ. Three idioms can be distinguished in Sawa’s piano music: dance/folk, motoric/toccata and sacred. The first employs the dance forms popular in Polish folk music (mazurek, oberek, krakowiak), the rhythm pattern of the ‘mazur’ and bourdon fifths. The main features of the second idiom are the figurative texture, virtuosity, a sense of mobility and, in the majority of works (including those from the 1990s), references to the neo-Classical style. The sacred idiom manifests itself in the use of quotations from church songs. For example, in the Third Mazurka (1993) it is a quotation from the Polish church song to St Joseph, while the musical material of the Three Elegies (1995) is based on the religious song Ja wiem, w kogo ja wierzę / I know in whom I believe. These works are also renowned for their specific mood of meditation and contemplation, creating an aura of spiritual music. The arrangements of Polish Christmas carols also belong to this group (Four Christmas Carols for piano / four hands, 2003; Kolędowe granie / Playing the carols, 2004).
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