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  1. 4 Birecki P.

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1

Z dziejów grudziądzkiej fary pw. św. Mikołaja

100%
Birecki P.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
|
2016
|
vol. 24
115-133
EN
The Church of St. Nicholas in Grudziądz is one of the most historically and artistically precious buildings of the former Kulmerland. This article sums up the hitherto research on the building, presents its origins, the building workshop and the stages of construction. Also there are presented various opinions on the utilized architectural patterns, controversies regarding the foundation circumstances and the founder himself. In the further part, the article presents also the early modern and contemporary history of the church and the political events, such as the Deluge (Polish: Potop), which had the greatest impact on the transformation of the body and internal decorations of the building. Also the history of the church under the Prussian authorities is mentioned, as that was the time when the surrounding area underwent modifications. The author of the article also presents the church furnishing, indicating the elements that were preserved or reconstructed after the Second World War, which was the time when the church suffered the most severe losses. The detailed analysis of the church archival documents was conducted; the author published new findings concerning the dating, founder of the altars, pulpit and interior painting. Described in detail were the family chapels with their original liturgical furnishings and burial functions. There are also information on the fates of the church equipment such as vessels, vestments and bells. The attribution of the painting of Angelic Pietà, currently gone, was conducted on the basis of the preserved iconography. The article is thus the first such extensive and comprehensive presentation of the history and art of the most important, municipal, Gothic church in Grudziądz.
2

Ewangelickie kościoły garnizonowe w Prusach Zachodnich

100%
Birecki P.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
|
2017
|
vol. 25
37-48
EN
This article presents the history of four garrison churches in West Prussia: in Chełmno, Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz, Grudziądz and Toruń. The churches were constructed in the 2nd half of the 19th c. to ensure Lutherans, members of the United Evangelical church, had access to the suitable spiritual care. Previously the soldiers of West Prussian garrisons at fortresses frequented local parish churches. Only thanks to Kaiser Wilhelm II’s financial aid, for whom the army was the significant element of maintaining the internal social order, the magnificent garrison churches were constructed. They were modeled on the architecture of the capital city of Berlin and, due to their high towers, were very distinctive in the landscapes of garrison cities. The towers were interpreted also as symbols of the presence of the Lutheranism in the cities. The investment was carried out with the support of the Evangelischer Kirchenbauverein, led by Empress Augusta Victoria. The article discusses in detail the history of the construction and furnishing, stylistic inspirations, and changes of decorative elements after 1920, when the garrison churches were taken over by Polish-speaking Catholic parishes. In order to present the issue as accurately as possible the author made use of archival sources as well as Polish and German literature.
3

Z dziejów architektury ewangelickiej w Grudziądzu

100%
Birecki P.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
|
2015
|
vol. 23
49-73
EN
This article introduces the contemporary history of the Protestant churches of the town and parish Grudziądz in the chronological order. It is based on the contemporary subject literature and some new source materials that have not been published yet gathered from Polish and foreign archives. The archival sources concerning the churches of Grudziądz were also found in the sources relating to other Protestant shrines. Although in the Old-Polish period the Protestants struggled with numerous difficulties of political nature, in the period of Partitions of Poland their situation changed dramatically. The protection of Prussian monarchs allowed them to build a new church on the market square in Grudziądz at first; thus the fates of the first Protestant church are presented in the article. Increase in the number of parishes in the second half of the 19th century resulted in the need of new shrine, which, owing to its size, was located outside the town center, but in the vicinity of new districts of Grudziądz. The part of the article dedicated to the new church, its project, architect and the building itself was based mainly on the archival sources that offer insight into the history of the church, while the collected iconographic data enabled to present the inside of the church before the changes introduced after 1945, when it was converted to Catholic church. New source and iconographic material were used also to present the history of the Protestant garrison church as well as the churches in Piaski and Mokre, both belonging to the parish of Grudziądz. Also some uncommonly used iconography was applied in this case. Thanks to the author’s research effort the state of knowledge about the Protestant shrines of Grudziądz is significantly extended.
4

Z dziejów kościoła pw. św. Krzyża i reformackich zabudowań klasztornych w Grudziądzu

100%
Birecki P.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
|
2018
|
vol. 26
73-92
EN
The article is the first attempt to present the history of the Reformed Franciscan Church in Grudziądz, which now partially serves as a prison church. The text is based on archival sources in the Archives of the Province of the Reformed Franciscans in Cracow and few scientific works. The primary sources allowed for the exact dating of the church construction designed by Antonio Solari and postponing the construction date for 1751–1755. Also the circumstances of the foundation and the participation of the Catolic nobility, monks and the Bishop of Chełmno in it were presented. At the same time, the construction of the church and its furnishing was shown on the background of other monastic foundations in the Prussian Province of the Reformed Franciscans established in 1750. The text discusses also the architecture of the church built by Beniamin Kala in comparison with other foundations of the Reformed Franciscans. While presenting the furnishing, the author used the research on the monastic workshops which produced main and side altars in accordance with the rule of the Order. The examples of such, coming from Brodnica and Podgórz, were presented and discussed. The presentation of the history of the monastery after the dissolution of the Order during the Prussian partition, the transformation of the monastery into a prison and then a NKVD’s transition camp during the WW2 complements the knowledge about the monastery, the church and the history of its interior.
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