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Kombatanci w systemie politycznym PRL 1944–1972.:... na przykładzie województwa śląskiego i Lubelszczyzny

100%
Bednarski Ł.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica
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2013
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issue 10
113-130
EN
Polish United Workers Party. The event led to a gradual centralization of the social and political life which resulted in the imposition of unification of the eleven combatant organizations that were operating in the People’s Poland. In consequence, a combatant organization called Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy was created. In the time of the so-called “cult of personality”, combatants, those originating form the Home Army in particular, were persecuted by the security authorities of the Polish People’s Republic. They were not admitted to the Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy. If it happened that a soldier of the Home Army was a member of the Society he was sidelined by the influential activists of the Polish United Worker’s Party who belonged to the Society and originated from the People’s Army and the People’s Guard. The socio-political crisis that took place in 1956 considerably contributed to the change of the combatants’ situation in the political system of the People’s Republic of Poland. Many former soldiers of the Home Army left prisons, general liberalization of the political system took place. The soldiers of the Home Army started to demand political rehabilitation. The episode in the Lublin branch of the Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy can serve as an example of their rebirth after 1956. When the Lublin Society was reactivated on the basis of the former soldiers of the Home Army, the activists of the left-wing provenience were expelled from its voivodship boards. The 1960s were called the “Moczar’s period.” It was a period in the history of the combatants and the Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy in Poland when one of the most important fractions of the Polish United Worker’s Party (so-called “partisans”) started using combatants for the perty’s own political goals. Mieczysław Moczar was aware that he would not gather real support in the party. As the president of the Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy and the chairman of the Leading Council he gained the favour of combatant circles by, among others, increasing the number of benefits. It made easier for Moczar to fight for the leadership in the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party.
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Polski Październik ’56 a lubelski Związek Bojowników o Wolność i Demokrację

100%
Bednarski Ł.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
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2012
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issue 1(19)
45-63
XX
Polish October 1956 and the Lublin branch of ZBOWiD (Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy) The Lublin branch of ZBoWiD was established simultaneously with the veterans’ organisation ZBoWiD, in 1949. In the Stalinist period the activities of the Lublin branch boiled down to propaganda. Its functions were limited by members from PZPR (the Polish United Workers’ Party, PUWP), striving to eliminate the Society, as e.g. Grzegorz Wajskop. After 1956 the organisation accomplished a strong comeback, based upon former AK (Home Army) soldiers. The catalyst of the organisation’s renewal after 1956 was the spontaneous voivodeship (provincial) convention staged by WW2 partisans of the Lublin region on 11 th November, 1956. As a result of elections held in individual local branches throughout the voivodeship, their managements were joined by mainly soldiers, former members of such underground organisations, as BCh (Peasant Battalions) and AK. They dominated the key positions in ZBoWiD, removing the representative of extreme leftist underground organisations (GL/AL, People’s Guard/People’s Army). At conventions numerously attended by partisans of the Lublin region, the Stalinist period (symbolised by Lavrentiy Beria) and the persecutions of those years were discussed, and harshly criticised by participants of the convention. AK/BCh soldiers maintained their influence in the Society until 1958. Subsequently to new elections to the Society’s authorities, strictly associated with the approaching 2 nd Congress of ZBoWiD (in 1959), AK and BCh members were pushed out of the Society’s authorities, former GL/AL soldiers (now members of PZPR) being selected to replace them. AK/BCh member again suffered marginalisation and discrimination from 1959 on, performing marginal, meaningless functions. The article presents how the events of one of the so-called Polish months impacted the functions and rebirth of the Society in the post-Stalinist period; it is also an attempt to outline the political position achieved by AK soldiers in ZBoWiD after 1956.
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