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EN
Military preparations for war and the hostilities are usually described as an organization and struggles of individual military formations. Despite the fact that the war conflicts in the twentieth century were becoming more and more total, in which the whole or almost whole potential of the struggling societies was involved. The attention is rarely paid to the non military factors and participation in the struggles of individual people or social organizations. The Polish Red Cross as an element of the international red cross structures by nature it is called to look after the combatants and victims of wars. Therefore activity description of its individual structures should occupy the prominent place in the wars historiography. The more that in the 1930s lots of work went into preparation of the structures and members this organization to operate in the coming war. Unfortunately due to the lack of a significant part of the source materials or perhaps also due to the lower interest of researches activities of the departments, centers and structures of the Polish Red Cross during World War II have not been sufficiently documented and described. This is what happened among others with the branches organized by the district board of the Polish Red Cross in Wadowice which prepared a rescue team or sanitary and nutritional point for hostilities. It is possible that even both of these structures were organized in double, duplicated form but there is no source to confirm this hypothesis. Both the male and female rescue team as well as the sanitary and nutritional point took part in the hostilities in September 1939. Records of the rescue team commitment were included in the chronicles of the Polish Red Cross activities in the districts of Brzesko and Tarnów as providing aid to victims of bombed transports of civilian refugees. While the sanitary and nutritional point operated at the railway station in Wadowice since the announcement of universal mobilization in the last two days of peace and in the first tree days of war. We have still known too little about the organizational effort and military involvment of activists and members of Polish Red Cross of Wadowice. This topic requires further researches with the hope of finding more reports or documents. A published article by Michał Siwiec-Cielebon in which collected information available from currently known sources and reports, it is a tribute to both those known by name and the still unnamed people who sacrificed their work for society that suffers the victims of health and life in the war struggles with the invaders of 1939.
PL
Mimo upływu trzydziestu lat od upadku władzy komunistycznej w Polsce nikt nie podjął się dotychczas badania nad początkami komunistycznych organów represji na Ziemi Wadowickiej, a zwłaszcza nad personaliami pierwszych funkcjonariuszy. Niniejszy artykuł jest pierwszą taką próbą, a z konieczności spowodowanej obfitością materiałów źródłowych został podzielony na dwie części. Prezentowana obecnie część pierwsza przedstawia sylwetki pierwszych pięciu ludzi wadowickiej bezpieki – Władysława Kubki, później Kubickiego, Józefa Kociuby, Franciszka Wywłoki, Mieczysława Sadowego oraz Michał Czekierdy, przybyłych do Wadowice 26 i 27 stycznia 1945 r. z Jarosławia i okolic jako grupa operacyjna Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego na Powiat Wadowice. Autor na podstawie akt personalnych przedstawił ich wyksztalcenie, zaangażowanie polityczne i społeczne oraz udział w walkach lat II wojny światowej. Zwraca uwagę niska kondycja edukacyjna i nieumiejętność poprawnego pisania w języku polskim, mimo że mieli oni ukończone od pięciu do siedmiu klas szkoły powszechnej, a jeden nawet dwie klasy gimnazjalne. Istotnym elementem każdego z biogramów jest opis okoliczności, w jakich ludzie ci trafili w szeregi funkcjonariuszy Urzędu Bezpieczeństwa. Opisana została także ich kariera w strukturach resortu bezpieczeństwa do chwili przybycia do Wadowic. Ich dalsze (poza jednym, szefem grupy W. Kubką) tragiczne losy – opisane zostaną w drugiej części artykułu. Jako tło autor przedstawił w skróconej formie dzieje Resortu Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego do chwili przekształcenia go decyzją Józefa Stalina w Ministerstwo, a także historię zajmowania nieruchomości wykorzystywanych na potrzeby Powiatowego Urzędu Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Wadowicach. Tylko w niewielkim zakresie wspomniana została początkowa działalność wadowickiego PUBP, która obszerniej zaprezentowana zostanie w drugiej części artykułu, w której przedstawione zostaną informacje o służbie opisanej piątki w Wadowicach i ich dalszych losach.
EN
Despite the fact that 30 years have passed since the collapse of communist power in Poland, no one has yet undertaken research into the beginnings of the commu nist repressive organs in the Wadowice area, especially into the personalities of the first functionaries. This article is the first such attempt, and out of necessity due to the abundance of source materials, it has been divided into two parts. The first part presents the profiles of the first five men of the Wadowice security force - Władysław Kubka, later Kubicki, Józef Kociuba, Franciszek Wywłoka, Mieczysław Sadowy, and Michał Czekierda, all of whom arrived in Wadowice on the 26th and 27th of January 1945 from Jarosław and the surrounding area as an operation group of the Ministry of Public Security for the Wadowice district. On the basis of personal files, the author presented their education, political and social involvement, and participation in the fi ghts of World War II. What draws attention is their poor educational background and inability to write properly in Polish, despite the fact that they had completed from five to seven grades of primary school, and one of them had even completed two forms of middle school. An important element of each biographical entry is the description of the circum stances under which these people joined the ranks of the Departament of Security. There is also a description of their career in the structures of the Departament of Pu blic Security until they arrived in Wadowice. Their further tragic fate (except for one group leader, W. Kubka) will be described in the second part of the article. As background, the author presented in a shortened form the history of the De partment of Public Security until it was transformed by Joseph Stalin’s decision into a ministry, and also the history of the seizure of properties used for the needs of the District Office of Public Security (PUBP) in Wadowice. The initial activity of the Wa dowice PUBP has been mentioned only to a small extent. It will be presented more extensively in the second part of the article, where information about the service of the officers described in Wadowice and their further fate will also be presented.
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