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EN
The task of the article is consideration of problematic issues connected with teaching Polish culture in Ukrainian-speaking environment. The article also aims at finding the best and the most interesting for the Ukrainians information on Polish culture, which can be used for teaching Polish as a foreign language in this environment, and at creating the database of this information. The approach of teaching Polish language and culture aimed at Ukrainians, taking into consideration their interests, mentality, the way of perception of Polish language and culture, mutual history etc., can be considered as innovative. The article is a result of several years of research work in this area and of analyses of didactic lessons of Polish country-studying, conducted by the author of the article in Odessa National Mechnikov University in Ukraine.
EN
The article makes an attempt to look at children’s literature, especially the poem as a glottodidactic text. It draws attention to the features of the „fourth” literature such as imagery, dialogism, a play with a language, musicality and also conveying the contents of knowledge of special fields and the cultural studies. The analysis enables to present an interesting strategy to deal with children’s poetry during Polish classes with foreigners. The article points out that children’s literature fosters the development of linguistic skills and competences, particularly a communicative one. Each of the discussed features was exemplified by suitable techniques for working with the text. In the article, poems by Tuwim, Brzechwa, Fraczek, Ficowski, Kierst and Fredro have been used.
EN
Everyday items in a child’s world assume extraordinary forms, receive different names, change their functions, therefore it is worth using them during teaching children foreign languages. A child always likes to play, but not always learn, thus it is worth using such methods during the education which delicately lead the pupil from the world of play to the world of a foreign language learning. They will make that some kind of duty becomes a pleasure. Many researchers noticed that children have an exceptional ability to learn foreign languages, i.e. the so called language learning mechanism. The process consists in learning a language only in such a scope which allows to become understood by the environment and satisfy one’s needs. A good practice in this case is inclusion in the teaching of a foreign language such didactic tools which may help imitate the reality, i.e. everyday objects. The article presents various methods of working with such objects during the classes of Polish as a foreign language.
EN
The paper emphasizes the didactic tools which are often omitted in the methodology of teaching Polish to adults and which are designated for children, such as: illustrated books, blocks, ball, doll house. The article describes the methods of working with these objects on various levels of education taking into account the three basic sensory systems through which people receive the stimuli (information) reaching them and then describe (verbalize) them.
PL
W artykule poruszono zagadnienie wykluczenia cyfrowego wśród gospodarstw domowych, w zależności od miejsca, płci oraz wieku. Zaprezentowane zostały również wyniki badań wykluczenia cyfrowego wśród przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Podkarpacia. Podział cyfrowy przyczynia się do tworzenia i pogłębiania przepaści między krajami rozwiniętymi a rozwijającymi się. Niejednakowe szanse w dostępie do infrastruktury, a przede wszystkim do Internetu powodują, że osoby wykluczone z cyfrowego świata pozbawione są szans funkcjonowania oraz rozwoju w warunkach elektronicznej gospodarki. Analiza danych pokazała, iż problem ten dotyczy przede wszystkim krajów ubogich, gdzie obecne warunki technologiczne oraz wysoka cena usług ICT dodatkowo hamują rozwój gospodarczy. Wykluczenie cyfrowe w krajach bogatych występuje w społecznościach szczególnie narażonych na dyskryminację. Badania wskazują, że w każdym kraju europejskim kobiety w stopniu niższym od mężczyzn posiadają dostęp do technologii telekomunikacyjnych. Prawdopodobieństwo wykluczenia cyfrowego wzrasta wraz z wiekiem. Problem ten nie dotyczy wyłącznie gospodarstw domowych. W równym stopniu odnosi się on do funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw. U podstaw ich wykluczenia cyfrowego leżą czynniki zarówno ekonomiczne, jak i społeczne. Jednym z warunków wyrównania szans funkcjonowania w społeczeństwie informacyjnym jest pokonanie barier technologicznych dzielących kraje bogate od ubogich. W artykule zwrócono również uwagę na problem wykluczenia cyfrowego wśród podmiotów gospodarczych. Przedstawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych wśród przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych z Podkarpacia. Analiza poziomu i jakości wykorzystania ICT w badanej zbiorowości pokazała, że wielkość przedsiębiorstwa jest negatywnie skorelowana z poziomem wykluczenia cyfrowego. Wysunięto wniosek, że wśród podkarpackich przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych wykluczenie cyfrowe objawia się niewystarczającym wykorzystaniem możliwości, jakie stwarza Internet.
EN
The article presents digital divide, a social and economic problem of discrepancy in the access to telecommunication and computer technologies. Non available or bad quality infrastructure, especially in poor countries, slows down the development. Digitalization progressing in most of economic activities requires suitable technical infrastructure. Hence, in the era of globalisation and information society digital divide deprives developing countries of equal chances to build their economic potential. This form of inequalities occurs also in developed countries. Research proves, that in all European countries women are more often than men unable to access to ICT. Digital divide in developed world is also connected with age limitations. The older generation is least able to gain access to modern technologies. Second part of the article presents various aspects of digital divide among enterprises. Presented is empirical research performed among 105 production enterprises from the Podkarpacie Voivodeship. Proved is negative correlation between the size of the enterprise and digital divide. Nevertheless, the most alarming aspect of digital divide among researched sample is not the lack of access to the infrastructure but the inability to exploit all opportunities that are offered by the ICT.
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