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Polskie Towarzystwo Ochrony Roślin

100%
Pruszyński S.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2009
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vol. 56
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issue 1
119-123
EN
Plant protection is the area of science and agricultural practice in which a large group of specialists with often distant interests participates. Biologists study the biology, ecology and occurrence of pests, diseases and undesirable vegetation, while entomologists and phytopathologists study the harmfulness of individual species and methods of reducing their numbers. A large group of chemists is looking for new compounds that could be used in plant protection, and their colleagues are developing a technology for the production of new agents.
PL
Ochrona roślin jest tym obszarem nauki i praktyki rolniczej, w tworzeniu którego uczestniczy duża grupa specjalistów o odległych często zainteresowaniach. Biolodzy badają biologię, ekologię i występowanie szkodników, chorób i niepożądanej roślinności, a entomolodzy i fitopatolodzy szkodliwość poszczególnych gatunków i metody ograniczania ich liczebności. Duża grupa chemików poszukuje nowych związków, które mogłyby znaleźć zastosowanie w ochronie roślin, a ich koledzy opracowują technologię produkcji nowych środków.
2
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Integrowana ochrona roślin – wyzwanie dla rolników, służb doradczych i nauki

100%
Pruszyński S.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2011
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vol. 64
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issue 2
49-65
EN
According to the Article 14 the Directive of the European Parliament and the Council 2009/128/EC, establishing the framework of the community’s actions for sustainable use of pesticides, all European Union Countries are obliged to implement integrated plant protection beginning from 1st of January 2014. In the Article 14 it is also said, that all countries are obliged to fulfill every necessary conditions for implementation of integrated plant protection. In the article the history of development of integrated plant protection all over the world and in the Poland, as well as importance of obedience to the rules of good plant Protection Practice in the implementation of integrated plant protection are presented. Necessity of participation of administrative and local government authority, science, advisory services, education, growers and plant protection products producers in the process of preparing and implementing of integrated plant protection was underlined.
PL
Zgodnie z Art. 14 Dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady Europy 2009/128/W ustanawiającej ramy wspólnotowego działania na rzecz zrównoważonego stosowania pestycydów wszystkie kraje członkowskie Unii Europejskiej są zobowiązane do wprowadzenia od dnia 1 stycznia 2014 roku integrowanej ochrony roślin. Art. 14 stanowi też, że państwa są zobowiązane do stworzenia wszelkich warunków niezbędnych do wdrożenia integrowanej ochrony roślin W przedstawionym artykule omówiona została historia rozwoju integrowanej ochrony roślin na świecie oraz w Polsce, a także znaczenie przestrzegania zasad Dobrej Praktyki Ochrony Roślin dla wdrożenia integrowanej ochrony roślin. Podkreślona została konieczność udziału w procesie przygotowania i wdrażania integrowanej ochrony roślin władz administracyjnych i samorządowych, a także nauki, doradztwa rolniczego, edukacji, producentów rolnych oraz producentów środków ochrony roślin.
3
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Zrównoważone stosowanie pestycydów

63%
Pruszyński S., Pruszyński G.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2013
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issue 2(72)
23-39
EN
Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable of Pesticides belongs to the most important activities taken in European Union Sixth Environment Action Programme. Sustainable use of pesticides is direct to minimize danger and risk for human health and natural environment of use of pesticides. This aim should be reach with inter alia improvement control and distribution of pesticides, introduction of more safety active substances and also encouragement to use low doses of pesticides or farming without pesticides. Earlier activities for reduce of possible side effect of using pesticides, place of sustainable use of pesticides in sustainable agriculture, progress in plant protection in Poland and also activities which are necessary to secure popularization sustainable use of pesticides in Poland are discuss in this paper.
4
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Wpływ zmian klimatu na owady i roztocze związane z roślinami

63%
Boczek J., Pruszyński S.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2014
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issue 4(78)
56-66
EN
There is an essential evidence that climate is changing, both globally and locally, and the recent changes, in mean temperature in particular. are greater than the fluctuations normal over the last few centuries. Life-cycle timing in different insects depends on a wide variety of responses to both abiotic and biotic factors. Temperature directly affects development, survival range and abundance of arthropods. Species with a large geographical range are less affected, The main effect of temperature in temperate regions is to influence winter survival, Insect and mite herbivores and their intensity of herbivory increases with rising temperature at constant latitude. Photoperiod is the dominant cue for the seasonal synchrony of host plant and herbivore. A significant variation is observed in an effect of elevated CO2 on arthropods. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have direct effects on plant primary and secondary metabolism. Insect herbivores show a number of distinct life-history strategies to exploit plants with different growth forms, which will be differentially affected by climate warming.
5
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Rośliny jako pokarm i środowisko życia owadów i roztoczy

63%
Boczek J., Pruszyński S.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2012
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issue 1(67)
51-65
EN
Host plant quality directly affects potential and achieved herbivore fecundity and reproductive strategies. Insect herbivores strongly regulate their nutrient intake including allochemicals. The nitrogenous nutrients are a limiting factor for herbivore survival, growth and fecundity. Herbivore insects usually exhibit enhanced performance and outbreak dynamics on stressed plants do to increased changes in plant physiology. Closely related. coocuring and generalist feeding herbivores eat protein and carbohydrate in different amounts and ratios even if they eat the same plant taxa. Plants in rban landscapes are subject to stress factors (pollutants, automobile exhaust, higher temperature) may reduce the abundance of natural enemies, parasitoids and predators. Many species of insects possess the capacity to learn to guide an active search for food and hosts. Both plants and arthropod herbivores generate select forces that lead to the evolution of plant defence against herbivores and pathogens.
6
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Monitoring agrofagów – podstawa integrowanej ochrony roślin

63%
Pruszyński S., Walczak F.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2010
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vol. 62
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issue 4
5-20
EN
The history and actual state of the system collection data concerning appearance, occurrence intensity, signalization and agrophages warning system in Poland is presented in the paper. The necessity of providing observations aimed at determining needs and terms of plant protection treatments is discussed. The needs of agrophages monitoring in drawing up and implementation of integrated plant protection is emphasized. Plant Protection Institute – National Research Institute in Poznań put forward a proposal to supplement present plant protection system by creating and providing Regional agrophages signalization on the PPI-NRI web-page, and signalization providing by “Warka – factory supplying agriculture. Presently prepared legal acts concerning plant protection can introduce essential changes in currently effecting agrophages monitoring, and it’s very important to make ready for this changes.
PL
W opracowaniu przedstawiona jest historia i obecnie funkcjonujący w Polsce system zbioru danych dotyczących pojawu i nasilenia agrofagów, a także system sygnalizacji oraz podstawy opracowywania prognoz. Omówiona jest konieczność znaczenia prowadzenia tych obserwacji dla stworzenia warunków dla określenia potrzeby i terminów prowadzenia zabiegów ochroniarskich. Podkreślona została potrzeba prowadzenia monitoringu agrofagów przy opracowywaniu i wdrażaniu integrowanej ochrony roślin. Omówiono również, podejmowane inicjatywy uzupełnienia obowiązującego obecnie systemu poprzez tworzenie przez Instytut Ochrony Roślin – PIB w Poznaniu, sygnalizacji regionalnej oraz sygnalizacji prowadzonej przez zakład Zaopatrzenia Rolniczego ,,Warka”. Przygotowywane obecnie w Polsce akty prawne, dotyczące ochrony roślin mogą wprowadzić zasadnicze zmiany w aktualnie obowiązującym monitoringu agrofagów i jest sprawą bardzo ważną przygotowanie się do tych zmian.
7
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Biologiczne metody zwalczania chwastów: możliwości i praktyka

51%
Boczek J., Gawroński S., Pruszyński S.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2014
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issue 2(76)
66-73
EN
The biological control simply aims to use naturally occuring enemies to help reduce the invasive plant’s impact on agriculture and environment. Some herbivores and pathogens can be effective biocontrol agents for weeds. Not all weeds are suitable for biological control. The selection of appropriate target weeds is a serious consideration. It can take up to twenty scientist years to reach a successful conclusion. Environmental considerations may restrict future biological control practice because of increased concerns about possible damage to non target native or even agricultural plants. However, biological control has been successfully used against a wide variety of weed types, from a broad taxonomic spectrum, from annual herbs to trees. The diversity of weeds that have been controlled biologically Is a clear indication of a great utility of the method, even it is not possible to predict the outcome of particular projects. Developing a biological control project requires a substantial investment. Considerably host-specifity testing is done prior to the release of biological control agents to ensure they will not pose a threat to non target species such as native and agricultural plants In Europe no classical biological control agent has been released against an invasive weed, but many studies are carried out and future expectations lead in this direction.
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