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EN
The paper is an opinion on the academic discussion concerning research on institutions. Its purpose is to describe the complexity of the categories of institutions and the consequences this has on research. The article is divided into three main parts. The first part presents the problem of conceptualizing the category of institution. The second part focuses on the methodical basis of measuring institutions. The third part presents examples of empirical research in this field.
PL
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EN
The cooperation of local self-government with social and private entities is dependent on existent institutional order. The incoherence of formal and informal institutions could be a barrier of joint activities in local societies. The aim of the article is to present the basic institutional conditions of cooperation of local self-government, as well as the relations between that institutions and their influence of taking up, course and results of cooperation.
PL
Zagadnienie partycypacji mieszkańców nabiera na znaczeniu w praktyce działania polskich miast. Należy jednak zauważyć, że podejmowane inicjatywy w tym zakresie mogą mieć charakter fakultatywny bądź wynikający z regulacji ogólnokrajowych. Doświadczenia poszczególnych ośrodków miejskich w kierunku angażowania mieszkańców i uspołecznienia procesu rozwoju lokalnego są zatem bardzo zróżnicowane. W celu propagowania dobrych praktyk niezbędne jest usystematyzowanie wiedzy w przedmiotowym obszarze badań oraz diagnoza dokumentów strategicznych poszczególnych samorządów i realizowanych inicjatyw w praktyce. Artykuł ma na celu przynajmniej częściowe wypełnienie luki w przedstawionym obszarze badawczym, zawężając perspektywę badawcza do granic administracyjnych województwa śląskiego. Zaprezentowano w nim znaczenie partycypacji obywatelskiej w polityce lokalnej, odwołując sie do praktyk wybranych śląskich miast: Rybnika, Częstochowy oraz Dąbrowy Górniczej.
EN
The issue of inhabitants’ participation in policy making is becoming more and more important in the practice of Polish cities. It should be noted, however, that the undertaken initiatives can be both optional or resulting from the national regulations. Therefore the experience of different cities in terms of citizen involvement and empowerment of the process of local development are very diverse. In order to promote good practices we need to systematize knowledge relating to the topic in question. We also need to analyze strategic documents elaborated by cities and initiatives realized in practice. The article aims – at least partially – to fill in the gap existing in the presented scientific field, based on examples from the region of Silesia. It focuses on civic participation in the local policy in selected Silesian cities: Rybnik, Czestochowa and Dabrowa Górnicza.
EN
Research background: Recent developments have raised doubts on future sustainability of the EU as successful political and economic organization. Many phenomena - from euro and sovereign debt crisis to the emergence of right-wing, populist and anti-liberal movements - have brought into question the actual foundations of European integration, be it economic cooperation or a community of values. This problem became even more topical after the Brexit referendum. For this very reason a new strand of research on European disintegration has lately began to appear. It was supposed to fill in a serious gap in the body of literature, which had so far optimistically focused on integration processes. Purpose of the article: The aim of our work is to reflect on Brexit - which is an exemplification of disintegration tendencies - through the lenses of theories of European integration in order to find out how well the two match each other. We also try to identify the dynamics Brexit may provoke in theoretical research and in the future of European integration. Methods: We take three most influential theories of integration, i.e. neofunctionalism, intergovernmentalism and post-functionalism, and attempt to analyze Brexit by means of their main assumptions and internal logic. Findings & Value added: We believe that only post-functionalism is able to satisfactorily explain Brexit by turning to mass politics and questions of identity instead of economic rationality. We also suggest that analysis of such issues will become more important in future research on European integration.
PL
The aim of the article is to present how to analyse the capital of a local community (commune) and the method of its accumulation on the basis of a case study. It was assumed that the capital of the local community consists of 7 components of capital: natural, human, cultural, social, political, financial and infrastructural, and its accumulation contributes to the socio-economic development of the commune and improvement of the living standard of its inhabitants, which in turn translates into an increase in its attractiveness and competitiveness. The empirical implementation of the adopted goal was the preparation of a case study of the “Aktywne Zabrze” project. It was created on the basis of a direct interview with the project organizer and information from secondary sources. Identification of community capitals used in the “Aktywne Zabrze” project and their mutual interactions allowed for the conclusion that the development of individual types of capitals and the interactions between them are decisive for accumulation in each type and for the commune’s capital in general.
EN
Celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie sposobu analizy kapitału wspólnoty lokalnej (gminy) oraz jego akumulacji z wykorzystaniem studium przypadku. Przyjęto, że kapitał wspólnoty lokalnej tworzy 7 składowych kapitałów: naturalny, ludzki, kulturowy, społeczny, polityczny, finansowy i infrastrukturalny, a jego akumulacja przyczynia się do rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego gminy oraz poprawy standardu życia jej mieszkańców, co z kolei przekłada się na zwiększenie jej atrakcyjności i konkurencyjności. Empiryczną realizacją przyjętego celu było opracowanie studium przypadku projektu „Aktywne Zabrze”. Powstało ono z wykorzystaniem wywiadu bezpośredniego przeprowadzonego z organizatorem projektu oraz informacji ze źródeł wtórnych. Identyfikacja kapitałów wspólnoty wykorzystywanych w projekcie „Aktywne Zabrze” oraz ich wzajemnych interakcji pozwoliły na wyciągnięcie wniosku, że rozwój poszczególnych typów kapitałów oraz interakcje, do jakich między nimi dochodzi, są decydujące dla akumulacji w każdym z typów oraz dla kapitału gminy w ogóle.
EN
The main aim of the study was to identify the behaviour of young consumers in the context of contemporary consumption trends. These trends go in two opposite directions – excessive and unsustainable consumption, and conscious and sustainable consumption. The choice of young consumers as the subject of the research was due to the fact that they are more sensitive to new trends than older consumers and they adopt consumer behaviour faster than others. The study was exploratory and consisted of two stages. The first one included a secondary study, which was used to prepare and conduct a direct study among selected students of the University of Economics in Katowice. An online survey method was used in the study. The information collected in the course of the secondary and primary research allowed for the conclusion that the behaviour of young consumers proves that conscious and sustainable consumption is gaining popularity, although it is difficult to talk about its domination over excessive consumption.
PL
Głównym celem badania było rozpoznanie zachowań młodych konsumentów w kontekście współczesnych trendów w konsumpcji. Owe trendy zmierzają w dwóch przeciwstawnych kierunkach - konsumpcji nadmiernej i niezrównoważonej oraz świadomej i zrównoważonej. Wybór młodych konsumentów jako podmiotu badania wynikał z tego, że są oni bardziej wrażliwi na nowe trendy niż starsi konsumenci i szybciej przejmują zachowania konsumenckie od innych. Badanie miało charakter eksploracyjny i składało się z dwóch etapów. Pierwszy obejmował badanie wtórne, które posłużyło do przygotowania i przeprowadzenia badania bezpośredniego wśród wybranych studentów Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach. W badaniu wykorzystano metodę ankiety online. Informacje zgromadzone w toku badania wtórnego i pierwotnego pozwoliły na sformułowanie wniosku, że zachowania młodych konsumentów świadczą o zyskiwaniu na popularności konsumpcji świadomiej i zrównoważonej, choć trudno mówić o jej dominacji nad konsumpcją nadmierną.
EN
Communes in Poland are entities that act on market, have defined resources at their disposal, are independent, which is legally guaranteed, and are also responsible for their decisions. Moreover, they compete with each other for various forms of capital. Their effectiveness in management and rationality of undertaken actions are essential as they can reach a specific (desired) market position. In this paper, the assumption was made that relationships of entities interested in activities of commune can have a diversified nature (not necessarily favorable from the point of view of their goals and interests), and the power of their influence may significantly facilitate or impede management in a commune and thereby influence the effectiveness of its activity. In the present conditions of commune functioning, the ability to recognize the interests of particular entities related by market relationships with the commune may guarantee and, in the case of a lack of this ability, may limit the accomplishment of interests of a commune as a collective. The reflections presented in this paper include broadly understood interests of local self-governments. This area is multi-dimensional and poorly recognized, which inspires us to make an attempt to create the system of notions. This attempt has been undertaken in further part of the paper. This constitutes an introduction to direct studies on the problems of interests of local self- government on the example of tourism economics.
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