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Attractive Human Face as a Communication Tool: Age and Gender Specifics of the Attractiveness of Sexually Dimorphic Features in Facial Composites

100%
Démuthová S., Hudáková A.
Communication Today
|
2023
|
vol. 14
|
issue 2
90-103
EN
An attractive human face is a significant communication tool used in visual media. Due to various psychological mechanisms, a beautiful face is associated with additional characteristics; individuals with attractive faces are perceived as trustworthy, intelligent, and qualified, thereby increasing their impact on the perceiver. However, the question remains as to what constitutes an attractive human face and what parameters it should possess. One of the most influential characteristics associated with facial attractiveness is the presence of sexually dimorphic features. Since previous research has yielded conflicting findings, this study examines the influence of masculinity and femininity on the attractiveness of computer-generated facial composites, both generally and in the context of the age and gender of the evaluators, using a quasi-experimental approach. The study involved 2,159 participants (mean age = 24.18 years; SD = 10.167), with women comprising 59.6% of the sample. The results showed that while the femininity of facial features universally increases the attractiveness of female faces (most notably among younger men), the effect of sexually dimorphic features on the attractiveness of male faces is nonspecific. Therefore, for the universal utilisation of the attractive face effect on the evaluator (perceiver), it is recommended to employ a feminine female face. In the case of male faces, the attractiveness of masculine features may be contingent on additional circumstances/factors.
2
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ON THE INDETERMINACY OF THE CONCEPT OF BEAUTY AND THE REASONS FOR ITS USE

100%
Démuth A., Démuthová S.
ESPES
|
2023
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vol. 12
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issue 2
28 - 44
EN
The study explores the etymological and semantic challenges associated with the term beauty. The authors highlight that beauty is among the most vague and multifaceted concepts. As a result, its users often grasp completely different aspects/dimensions of it. After addressing etymological differences and conducting a conceptual analysis of its synonyms, the authors present empirical findings and a model outlining the semantic space of the term beauty. In the second part of the study, the authors shed light on the reasons behind the use of this ambiguous term, particularly focusing on its evolutionary and existential significance. The conclusion of the study draws attention to the fact that, despite the vagueness of the concept, beauty continues to play a key role in our lives, reflecting our need to share it, and portraying the human being as homo aestheticus.
3

PREDICTIVE IMPORTANCE OF SELECTED PROTECTIVE FACTORS AGAINST DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR MANIFESTED BY ADOLESCENT BOYS AND GIRLS

71%
Václaviková I., Selecká L., Démuthová S., Blatný M., Hrdlička M.
Studia Psychologica
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2020
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vol. 62
|
issue 2
138 – 147
EN
The study aims to identify protective factors against antisocial behaviour of adolescents. Data from the SAHA project (The Social and Health Assessment), obtained from a16-year-old juvenile cohort, were used to analyse antisocial behaviour of adolescent boys (N = 733) and girls (N = 1110). Subsequently, levels of the predictive importance of the protective factors of the family environment, school environment, fulfilled leisure time and individual factors were tested through multinomial regression analysis in the groups of boys and girls. Slightly different paths to the absence of antisocial behaviour were identified for adolescent boys and girls. Key predictors for adolescent boys with non-problem behaviour are prosocial beliefs, prosocial behaviour and leisure time, expectations of goal attainment, parental involvement, and teacher support. For adolescent girls, positive school environment, feelings of safety at school, parental warmth, parental supervision, prosocial beliefs, optimistic beliefs, and leisure time contribute to non-problematic behaviour.
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