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Europejskie prawo pracy – planowane zmiany w zakresie czasu pracy

100%
Balza B.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2012
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vol. X
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issue 4
25-33
EN
The regulations settling working time requirements were described for the first time in Directive 93/104 dated on 23 November, 1993. Ten years later, on 4 November, 2003, European Parliament and the European Union Council introduced the updated directive 2003/88/EC. The new directive unified the text of the first one, defining the regulations related to working time. However, it did not effect any significant changes in the scope of the currently existing legal norms. Twenty years afterwards, a debate started with reference to the necessity of verifying the regulations in force from the point of view of their further topicality. The new social reality, the progress in methods of conducting business activity – in connection with the changes going on in the world of economics and the way of work organization – provided a vital prerogative to start work on the new text of the directive. The broadly-spreading consensus related to the necessity of updating the directive indicated the need to start social consultations. This discussion exposed, however, significant discrepancies related to the directions of changes. Employers’ representatives have postulated higher working time flexibility, whereas workers’ unions have emphasized the need to strengthen employees’ protection. This paper describes the planned changes to be made to Directive 2003/88/CE. It presents proposals which were put forward by the European Union Commission and opinions of particular social groups.
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Migration Crisis in the European Union: Origins, Consequences... and Directions of Change in Asylum Law

100%
Balza B.
Rocznik Administracji Publicznej
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2024
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vol. 10
199-216
PL
Unia Europejska (UE) w ciągu ostatniej dekady zmaga się z poważnym kryzysem migracyjnym, spowodowanym konfliktami, nierównościami ekonomicznymi i zmianami klimatycznymi. Niniejszy artykuł analizuje przyczyny tego zjawiska, jego skutki dla UE oraz zmiany w prawie do azylu. Artykuł analizuje działania podjęte przez Radę UE i ocenia skuteczność realizowanej polityki imigracyjnej. Kryzys migracyjny w UE jest jednym z najważniejszych wyzwań XXI w. Katastrofa związana z niekontrolowanym napływem imigrantów osiągnęła swoje apogeum w 2015 r. Doprowadziła do tego, że miliony ludzi szukają schronienia w Europie z powodu wojen, prześladowań i biedy panującej w krajach pochodzenia. Napływ migrantów obciążył systemy azylowe UE, ujawnił słabości polityk migracyjnych i wywołał napięcia polityczne i społeczne w państwach członkowskich. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu analizę przyczyn tego kryzysu, jego złożonych skutków oraz ewolucji prawa do azylu w UE.
EN
The European Union (EU) has faced a significant migration crisis over the past decade, driven by conflicts, economic disparities, and environmental changes. This paper examines the origins of the migration crisis, its consequences for the EU, and the subsequent changes in asylum law. By analyzing policy responses and their effectiveness, the paper aims to provide insights into the future directions of asylum law in the EU. The migration crisis in the European Union has been one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century. This crisis, which peaked in 2015, has seen millions of people seeking refuge in Europe due to wars, persecution, and poverty in their home countries. The influx has strained the EU’s asylum systems, exposed weaknesses in its migration policies, and sparked political and social tensions across member states. This paper aims to analyze the origins of this crisis, its multifaceted consequences and the evolving legal framework for asylum within the EU.
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