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PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza dokonanych w roku 1791 przekładów Konstytucji 3 Maja na języki angielski, francuski i niemiecki. Autorka stara się odtworzyć historię tych tłumaczeń: kiedy się ukazały, kto był ich autorem, jakie były okoliczności ich powstania oraz jak szeroki był ich zasięg. Jednocześnie podejmuje analizę celów, jakie przyświecały ich autorom, i sposobów, w jaki starali się je osiągnąć. Wiąże się to z analizą samych tekstów, ich wierności oryginałowi, ale także pewnej polityki translatorskiej, jaką posługiwali się tłumacze, ich stosunku do oryginału, umiejętności oddania w obcym języku treści zwartych w wersji polskiej, a także pewnych prób dostosowania dyskursu do języka politycznego odbiorców przekładu.
EN
An analysis of English, French, and German translations of Konstytucja 3 Maja (The Constitution of 3 May, 1791), done in the year 1791, is made subject of the article. The authoress of the study attempts to trace the history of the translations: when they were published, who their authors were, what the circumstances that accompanied their productions were, and how great their extent was. Additionally, she tries to examine the translator’s purposes and the ways they strived to accomplish them. This task is linked to an analysis of the translations themselves, their faithfulness to the original, and also with the policy the translators adopted, their attitude to the original, ability to express the Polish content in a foreign language, as well as the with modes of adjusting the discourse to the target receivers’ political language.
PL
Recencja książki "Pamiętniki króla Sanisława Augusta. Antologia", wybór tekstu D. Triaire, tłum. W. Brzozowski, wstęp A. Grześkowiak-Krwawicz, red. M. Dębowski, Warszawa 2013, Muzeum Łazienki Królewskie, ss. 573 + 5 nlb.
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Sejm Czteroletni (1788–1792) – polska rewolucja?

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EN
The Four-Year Sejm is one of the events of critical importance both in the history of parliamentarism and the eighteenth-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This article attempts to present the events of 1788–92 from two perspectives: on the one hand, by placing them in the tradition of the functioning of the Sejm as the highest organ of power in the Commonwealth; on the other, by considering them as a kind of revolution, interwoven with the ‘revolutionary cycle’, which began with the rebellion of the American colonies and culminated with the groundbreaking eruption in France. Following and describing the course of the Sejm’s debates, the author divides them into stages that she describes as ‘destruction – discussion – creation’, seeing in them certain features typical of all events of this period that bear the hallmarks of revolution. She analyses both the play of political forces within the Sejm and the more fundamental changes in the political attitudes and political awareness of the nobility, as well as the revival of the townspeople. She also takes into account the changing international position of the Commonwealth. In this broad context, she presents the subsequent events and decisions of the Sejm up to the most important – the adoption of the Government Act on 3 May 1791.
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