This article attempts to analyze the metaphysical category, defined by A. N. Whitehead as "eternal objects" in his „Science and the Modern World”. The abstract nature of the eternal objects creates its relational essence. The most important relationships because of the nature of the eternal object are internal relations. These relations are defined in the essence of the eternal object in relation to other eternal objects and are, for it constitutive relations forming its importance. Individual essence may be simple or complex of other eternal objects forming an "abstractive hierarchy", having two aspects: the abstraction of actualisation and abstraction of the possibilities. The complexity of the eternal object refers to its essence and is on its degree in the field of possibilities. In this way, eternal objects create an "extended continuum" as the basis of actual occasions. The relational essence determines the possibility of entering eternal objects in actual occasions, creating the so-called "the general principle of ingression". The world of Whitehead’s eternal objects is, therefore the great system of interrelationships that flow from the nature of opportunities and at the same time expresses it.
Artykuł omawia aktywność dyplomacji papieskiej podczas konfliktu polsko-tureckiego z lat 1633-1634. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na papieskie koncepcje przekonania Władysława IV Wazy do rozpoczęcia wojny ofensywnej przeciwko Imperium Osmańskiemu – obietnicę przekazania subsydium oraz utworzenia floty państw chrześcijańskich. Podstawą pracy jest rękopiśmienna korespondencja nuncjusza papieskiego w Warszawie Onorata Viscontiego z Sekretariatem Stanu, zgromadzona w Archivio Segreto Vaticano oraz w Biblioteca Apostlica Vaticana.
EN
Paper describes activities of Papal diplomacy during Polish-Ottoman conflict taking place in 1633 and 1634. It especially focuses on Papal attempts to convince Polish King Wladysław IV Vasa to start offensive action against Ottoman Empire – like promises of financial subsidies and plans to create joint fleet of Christian countries. Paper is based on correspondence of Papal Nuncio in Warsaw, Onorat Visconti, with Secretary of State, from the collections of Archivio Segreto Vaticano and Biblioteca Apostlica Vaticana
RU
В статье рассматривается деятельность папской дипломатии в период польско-турецкой войны 1633–1634 гг. Особое внимание было уделено папской концепции убеждения Владислава IV Ваза начать наступательную войну против Османской империи – обещанием передачи субсидии и созданием флота христианских государств. Основой работы является рукописная переписка папского нунция в Варшаве Онората Висконти с Государственным секретариатом, собранная в Archivio Segreto Vaticano и в Biblioteca Apostlica Vaticana.
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