Purpose: To assess periodontal status in type 2 diabetes (T2D) to compare the findings between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals using Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Oral Hygiene Index (OHI). Associations between glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed among T2D patients in comparison with controls. Materials and methods: A total of 135 patients with T2DM (F64/ M71) and 40 healthy controls (CG) (F21/M19) individuals were assessed. Periodontal status was assessed using CPI, OHI and tooth number. Blood samples were analyzed for glycemic control markers (FPG and HbA1c), inflammatory mediators (CRP, TNF-α, Il-1) and lipids (TG, TC, HDL, LDL). Study participants with T2D were classified into 2 groups according to their level of HbA1c: good metabolic control group (GMC) had HbA1c below 7.0% and poor metabolic control group (PMC) had HbA1c above 7.0%. Results: The prevalence of periodontitis in all patients with T2D was 83.5%, 82.7% in GMC group, and 86.4% in PMC group as compared to CG 57.7%. The number of sextants with CPI codes of 3 was higher in PMC T2D as compared to controls. We observed significant positive correlation between OHI and: age (R=0,566, p<0.001), creatinine concentrations (R=0.377, p<0.01), tooth number (R=0.841, p<.001), CPI3 (R=0.518, p<0.01) and CPI4 (R=0.498; p<0.001). Negative correlation (R=-0.388; p<0.01) between OHI and IL-1 concentrations and number of sextants with CPI1 was found. Conclusion: The study indicated that type 2 diabetic subjects should improve their oral hygiene practices and that the control of blood glucose levels ought to be emphasized.
Introduction: Glucagonoma is a rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor derived from alpha-cells of the islet of Langerhans. Due to oversecretion of glucagon it is associated with a characteristic paraneoplastic phenomenon, called glucagonoma syndrome, which consists of necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), weight loss, diabetes mellitus, diarrhea, normochromic normocytic anemia, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and neuropsychiatric disturbances. Treatment modalities include surgical removal of tumor, somatostatin analogs and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Case report: We present a case of 61-year-old woman diagnosed with glucagonoma in April 2012. Initially, body-caudal pancreatomy and resection of regional lymph nodes were performed. Five months after surgery, a PET-CT scan detected pathological mass with expression of somatostatin receptors in pancreatic body and metastases to regional lymph nodes. What is more, since April 2014 the patient had complained about persistent pruritus of the entire body. At present, due to the nonsurgical pancreatic mass and metastases she is treated with somatostatin analogs and PRRT. During this therapy the pruritus had decreased and currently there is no sign of cutaneous disease. Moreover, reduction of tumor size was obtained. Conclusions: PRRT may reduce tumor size and by reducing bothersome symptoms substantially improve the quality of life in patients with SSTR-positive tumors
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