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1
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Sprzeciw od nakazu zapłaty wydanego w elektronicznym postępowaniu upominawczym – reforma czy status quo?

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2017
|
issue 4(56)
132-140
EN
The bill contains an amendment of Article 50536 of the Code of Civil Procedure enabling the defendant to file an objection against a an order for payment issued in the course of electronic writ-of-payment proceedings. The reasons of procedural economy are justify introducing changes that make it possible to partially appeal from the EPU’s payment order. In the author’s opinion, the implementation of the reasons of the bill does not require addition of new paragraphs. In order to achieve the same result, it is enough to modify the indicated article in such a way that the acceptable scope of the appeal and the effects of raising the objection are set out in provisions concerning the “traditional” writ-of-payment proceedings
2
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Ocena rządowego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks spółek handlowych oraz niektórych innych ustaw

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2019
|
issue 3(63)
95-99
EN
Adoption of the act will result in the introduction to legal trading of a simple joint-stock company (PSA), whose legal structure is inconsistent with the basic assumptions of the existing commercial companies system, as PSA shareholders are not liable for the company’s obligations or are not obliged to cover the minimum share capital prior to the formation of the company. Simple joint stock companies will not be obliged to establish a supervisory board, what may weaken internal control mechanisms in these entities. According to the bill, a PSA may be established for any legally permissible purpose, so that companies of this kind will not be established for the sole purpose of conducting business based on innovation. Therefore, solutions that are primarily intended to facilitate the development of innovative undertakings, can become a commonly used instrument to avoid personal liability for obligations.
3
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Ochrona miejsc pochówku bohaterów narodowych de lege lata i de lege ferenda

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2018
|
issue 4(60)
126-134
EN
According to the author of the opinion the request contained in the petition should be considered justified, and the bill submitted along with the petition, despite minor deficiencies, may be a starting point for a legislative work. The current provisions do not ensure a proper protection of burial places of the National Heroes, because they enable the cemetery manager to rearrange the grave after 20 years from the burial, if unless anyone objects to it and pays the burial fee.
4
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Związek partnerski czy małżeństwo? Ocena prawna poselskich projektów: ustawy o związku partnerskim oraz ustawy – Przepisy wprowadzające ustawę o związku partnerskim

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2018
|
issue 3(59)
136-156
EN
In the author’s opinion, the proposed provisions – contrary to their nomenclature – introduce an institution of samesex marriages. Therefore they may be considered incompatible with Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The proposed regulations regarding the dissolution of the partnership provide less protection to the children of partners than the children of one of them adopted by the other, what is inconsistent with the constitutional principle of equality. Besides the bills contain many legal shortcomings.
5
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Sąd nad przedsądem. Ocena propozycji zniesienia instytucji przedsądu w świetle danych empirycznych (druk sejmowy nr 2697)

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2018
|
issue 4(60)
150-159
EN
In the context of the presented bill there is a conflict of two socially and legally significant values. One of them is the rapidity of proceedings before the Supreme Court, while the other one is the need to ensure protection of the rights and interests of entities submitting cassation complaint, in case such rights and interests have been violated as a result of the appealed decision. The abolition of the institution of a pre-trial and the transfer of all cassation appeals to the substantive recognition by the Supreme Court will cause a significant increase in the number of pending civil cases and will also extend the average duration of proceedings before the Supreme Court. In order to implement the proposed regulations, the possibility of increasing the number of judges or judicial assistants in the Civil Chamber and the Chamber of Labor and Social Insurance should be considered.
6
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Zgodność z Konstytucją rządowego projektu ustawy o obronie Ojczyzny

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2022
|
issue 2(74)
91-98
EN
The author refers to the doubts raised during the first sitting of the special subcommittee considering the bill. In particular, he emphasises that the constitutional concepts of “state of war” and “time of war” are not the same, and thus Article 2 point 2 of the bill, which defines the concept of “time of war”, cannot be in conflict with Article 116 of the Constitution, which refers to a “state of war”. As a result, he concludes that the proposed provision is not inconsistent with a provision of the Constitution.
7
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Ocena postulatu objęcia konstytucyjną ochroną polskiego języka migowego

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2022
|
issue 4(76)
79-84
EN
The author presents an analysis of legal issues related to the postulate in question and does not address the extra-legal issue of the purposefulness of introducing the postulated regulation. He points out, inter alia, that the introduction of the postulated regulation lies within the regulatory freedom of the legislator and the protection of the Polish sign language does not explicitly result from the binding provisions of the Constitution.
8
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Podjęcie inicjatywy ustawodawczej w zakresie ujednolicenia definicji osoby bliskiej

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2022
|
issue 3(75)
142-153
EN
The assessed petition calls for the harmonisation of the definition of a close relative in various statutes. According to the petitioner, this would prevent serious legal problems. The purpose of harmonising the definition of a close relative in this way would be to include persons who are „in fact” close to each other and to enable them to exercise certain rights. According to the author of the opinion, granting the petition would require systemic changes and complex conceptual work.
9
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Anonimizacja niektórych danych w oświadczeniu majątkowym posła

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2023
|
issue 3(79)
202-209
EN
The issue under analysis concerns the anonymisation of the data of a natural person to whom the Deputy has a financial obligation. After analysing the provisions of the GDPR, the author concludes that they do not preclude the disclosure of the name of the natural person with regard to whom the liability has arisen and do not provide a legal basis for effectively requesting the Marshal of the Sejm to anonymise the data of private individuals with regard to whom the liability has arisen in the declaration of assets.
10
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Dopuszczalność wyłączenia z konstytucyjnego limitu zadłużenia pożyczek, gwarancji i poręczeń finansowych służących finansowaniu potrzeb obronnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2023
|
issue 2(78)
69-74
EN
The study considers whether it would be constitutionally permissible to establish such subconstitutional (e.g. statutory) regulations that would prejudge that in calculating the ratio of the state public debt to the value of the annual gross domestic product, loans, guarantees and financial warranties used to finance the defence needs of the Republic of Poland are not included. According to the author, the introduction of such regulations is unacceptable without amending the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
11
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Legitymacja gminnej rady seniorów do złożenia petycji do Sejmu

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2023
|
issue 1(77)
292-296
EN
In the author’s opinion, in the light of the current provisions of the Act on Petitions and the Act on Municipal Self-Government, it cannot be considered that municipal councils of senior citizens have the legitimacy to submit a petition to the Sejm. In particular, the study notes that the mu‑ nicipal council of seniors is neither a natural person, nor a legal entity. Moreover, it is also not an organisational unit that is not a legal person within the meaning of the Act on Petitions. It was also emphasised that the functions of the municipal council of seniors are, strictly speaking, of an internal nature and it does not have competences that would allow it to represent the municipality externally, including submitting a petition to the Sejm.
12
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Ocena zgodności z Konstytucją RP poselskiego projektu ustawy o równości małżeńskiej

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2021
|
issue 1(69)
83-90
EN
The bill provides for the introduction of regulations allowing same-sex marriages. In the author’s opinion, it is inconsistent with the provision of the Polish Constitution, in which the legislator decided that marriage is a relationship between a woman and a man. The presented interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution is confirmed, inter alia, by the course of the work of the Constitutional Committee of the National Assembly, which shows that the intention of the legislator was to exclude the admissibility of introducing a regulation providing for the possibility of marriage by persons of the same sex.
13
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Właściwość Sejmu do rozpatrzenia petycji w sprawie podjęcia uchwały dotyczącej szczepień przeciwko COVID-19

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2021
|
issue 3(71)
247-250
EN
Sponsors of the petition called upon “the Town Council of Z. to consider the petition and to urgently adopt a resolution” with the content indicated therein. The Town Council considered itself not competent to consider the petition and forwarded it to the Sejm. When assessing the competence of the Sejm to consider the petition, it was pointed out that its formal addressee, i.e. the Town Council of Z., should be distinguished from the entity competent to consider the petition. Moreover, it was pointed out that the petition demanded the expression of the position on the policy directions of the Council of Ministers on vaccination against COVID-19, and the members of the Council of Ministers bear political responsibility before the Sejm. Therefore, it was considered that the subject of this petition falls within the tasks and competences of the Sejm.
14
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Możliwość pozwania Skarbu Państwa z tytułu przebywania na kwarantannie w związku z epidemią COVID-19 w sytuacji, gdy nie został wprowadzony stan nadzwyczajny

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2020
|
issue 4(68)
61-72
EN
The opinion presents legal grounds regarding the application of quarantine and liability for damages of the State Treasury. Simultaneously, the conditions required for the State Treasury to be liable for damages in a specific case of quarantine were indicated and discussed. In addition, the opinion highlights the possibility of pursuing claims for infringement of moral rights if the quarantine is unlawfully applied (e.g. by a wrong authority or in the absence of legal grounds for its application to a specific person).
15
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Ocena poselskiego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Karta Nauczyciela

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2020
|
issue 2(66)
127-137
EN
The amendment is aimed at preventing situations where, on the basis of unfounded allegations, a teacher or school head is suspended in the performance of his/her duties. In the author’s opinion, the source of the problem, which the draft regulation is intended to solve, has not been properly identified, because sufficient justification of the charges against a teacher depends on the practice of bodies applying the law, and not on the applicable regulations. In the proposed shape, the regulations may impede the detection and punishment of disciplinary torts concerning violation of children’s rights and interests. The author also postulates a change in editorial rules.
16
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W sprawie zgodności z Konstytucją niektórych przepisów rządowego projektu ustawy o doręczeniach elektronicznych

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2020
|
issue 3(67)
198-217
EN
Doubts as to the compliance with the constitutional system of sources of law are raised by these proposed provisions, which enable the regulation of certain matters in the Public Information Bulletin. In the author’s opinion, standards of public electronic registered delivery service – due to their normative nature – should be the subject of a statutory regulation. Due to such reasons, also technical conditions enabling the retention of an address for electronic delivery in the event of a change of supplier should be specified in an act of a universally binding nature. Other critical remarks concern the use of the form of an administrative decision to determine technical requirements for the transfer and receipt of the content of inboxes and the date of their transfer.
17
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Ocena petycji w sprawie zniesienia instytucji ubezwłasnowolnienia

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2020
|
issue 1(65)
113-125
EN
The petition under review concerns the proposal to abolish the institution of total and partial incapacitation, to introduce the institution of assistant care and the care with a concurrent representation. In the opinion of the author, the reform of the institution of legal incapacitation is required to fulfil international obligations. However, the solution proposed in the petition may insufficiently protect the interests of the protected person, his/her family, relatives and other legal entities. The author suggests that in some cases legislation should enable the possibility to apply substitution measures and, moreover, it is worth to consider introducing a mandatory periodic verification of the existence of the reasons for the use of a guardianship measure, in case of commencing activities on amending the relevant provisions.
18
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Zakres podmiotowy prawa do petycji

100%
Dubowski R.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2023
|
issue 4(80)
82-88
EN
The author of the opinion analyses a petition brought in the public interest, proposing an amendment to the Act on Petitions in order to include a wider range of entities entitled to submit petitions. In the author’s opinion, under the current regulations the personal scope of the right to petition is not unambiguous and may raise doubts, but the proposal presented in the petition does not lead to the solution of the problem.
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